Beside elsholtzione, the essential oil of Elsholtzia oldhami HEMSL. contains dehydro‐elsholtzione, which is a 3‐methyl‐2‐(3‐methyl‐1‐oxo‐2‐butenyl)‐furan.

No abstract

Megastigmus pinus and Megastigmus rafni are able to colonize the seed cones in eight di}erent species of Abies in Denmark[ Olfactory responses of M[ pinus females from Abies alba and Abies procera seeds and of M[ rafni females from A[ alba and Abies grandis seeds to odours of di}erent host!trees cones\ needles and pure alpha!pinene and limonene were studied in a Y tube Plexiglas olfactometer[ The odours of young cones signi_cantly in~uenced the behaviour of females[ The results obtained in experiments with cones from di}erent trees indicate the occurrence of biotypes depending on the host tree within the M[ pinus and M[ rafni species[ Megastigmus pinus females from A[ procera cones preferred the cone odours of A[ procera and were signi_cantly repelled by the cone odours of other possible host trees[ Megastigmus pinus females from A[ alba cones preferred A[ alba cone odour but were not indi}erent to A[ procera cones[ This suggests that the M[ pinus population in A[ alba apparently originates from the A[ procera population[ Megastigmus rafni from A[ grandis cones preferred only A[ grandis cone odours[ Megastigmus rafni females from A[ alba cones preferred A[ alba cone odour but were also signi_cantly attracted by A[ grandis cone odours[ This probably indicates that the M[ rafni population living in A[ alba originates from the A[ grandis population[ Neither M[ pinus nor M[ rafni responded to the odours of the host!tree needles or alpha!pinene[ The limonene odour signi_cantly acted as a repellent to both seed chalcid species\ independent of the origin!tree[

Observations on occurrence, abundance and body sizes of Mediterranean species of the genus Astropecten (Asteroidea, Echinodermata). At various coastal positions of the western Mediterranean starfishes of the genus Astropecten were recorded. The largest of the six species, A. aranciacus, proved to be a generalist in occurrence; however, its abundance is exceeded by other Astropecten species at various positions. It appears that the sand quality influences the local abundance of A. aranciacus. Water depth is also influential. This is shown not only by the zonation of the species studied, but also by special frequency distributions of body sizes as related to water depth. The shallow water areas near the beach may be a refuge for juveniles of A. bispinosus. The frequency distribution of body sizes for A. jonstoni is usually bimodal. For the smaller mode, samples taken at different times yielded a growth rate of 4 mm in 37 days. EINLEITUNG Von den sechs Seestern-Arten der Gattung Astropecten, die im Mittelmeer nachgewiesen sind (ToRTONESE, 1965), kommen ftinf, n~imlich A. aranciacus, A. bispinosus, A. jonstoni, A. irregularis und A. platyacanthus an man&er Ktistenstelle auf Sand