Along with a good antitumor effect, Doxorubicin has a systemic effect with damage to vital organs, in particular the heart. The lack of a unified approach to dosing and the frequency of administration of Doxorubicin in the experiment prompts the search for an optimal model of Doxorubicin cardiomyopathy. The aim of the study was to develop a method of serial administration of Doxorubicin in medium therapeutic doses in an experiment and to evaluate the cardiotoxic effect of the drug. 42 female Wistar rats were included in the study. The control group consisted of 7 intact rats. The experimental group consisted of 35 rats who received systemic chemotherapy with Doxorubicin at a dose of 5 mg/kg once a week for 5 weeks. On days 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th, 35th, the hearts of experimental animals were taken for morphological examination. Histomorphometrically determined: the diameter of cardiomyocytes (in the middle part) and the transverse diameter of their nucleus, the width of the interstitial space (endo- and perimysia). The data of histomorphological and histomorphometric examination of the myocardium testified that all animals of the experimental group had a circulatory disorder in the heart muscle at the level of hemomicrocirculation. Such changes led to cardiomyocyte hypotrophy, interstitial edema and fibrosis. During systemic chemotherapy, the animals showed marked changes in the myocardium, such as expansion of the endomysial zone, due to capillary congestion and edema, in comparison with animals of the intact group. At the end of the experiment, the animals of the experimental group retained the expansion of the endomysial zone, mainly due to interstitial fibrosis. Such changes indicate myocardial hypoxemia with damage and death of cardiomyocytes, activation of interstitial and replacement collagen formation. The obtained morphological data indicate the development of dilated cardiomyopathy in experimental animals. Serial intraperitoneal administration of Doxorubicin at a dose of 5 mg/kg once a week for 5 weeks causes morphological changes in the myocardium of experimental animals, similar to changes in the heart of people undergoing chemotherapy with this drug.

Along with a pronounced antitumor effect, Doxorubicin causes systemic effects with damage to vital organs, including the heart. It prompts the search for ways to prevent the cardiotoxic effect of the drug, one of which could be its intravesical administration. The aim of the study was to develop a method of serial intravesical administration of Doxorubicin in medium therapeutic doses in an experiment and to evaluate the cardiotoxic effect of the drug. 42 female Wistar rats were included in the study. The control group consisted of 7 intact rats. The experimental group consisted of 35 rats who received intravesical chemotherapy with Doxorubicin at a dose of 5 mg/kg once a week for 5 weeks. On days 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th, 35th the hearts of experimental animals were taken for morphological examination. Histomorphometrically determined: the diameter of cardiomyocytes (in the middle part) and the transverse diameter of their nucleus, the width of the interstitial space (endo- and perimysium). The data of histomorphological and histomorphometric examination of the myocardium testified that all animals of the experimental group had a circulatory disorder in the heart muscle at the level of hemomicrocirculation. Such changes led to cardiomyocyte hypotrophy, interstitial edema and fibrosis. During intravesical chemotherapy, the animals showed marked changes in the myocardium, such as expansion of the endomysial zone, due to capillary congestion and edema, in comparison with animals of the intact group. At the end of the experiment, the animals of the experimental group retained the expansion of the endomysial zone, mainly due to interstitial fibrosis. Such changes indicate myocardial hypoxemia with damage and death of cardiomyocytes, activation of interstitial and replacement collagen formation. The obtained morphological data partially indicate the development of dilated cardiomyopathy in experimental animals. However, these changes were less pronounced than the previously described changes that occur after systemic administration of the drug. Additional studies of the electrophysiological activity of the heart and biochemical markers will make it possible to fully assess the degree of cardiotoxicity of Doxorubicin after its intravesical administration. Thus, serial intravesical administration of Doxorubicin in moderate therapeutic doses according to the proposed method causes changes in the myocardium of experimental animals, which are partially similar to the changes in the heart of people receiving chemotherapy with this drug.

Cholesterolosis, as a pathological condition caused by metabolic disorders, is potentially associated with metabolic syndrome and chronic pancreatitis. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence and morphological features of gallbladder cholesterolosis in the contingent of patients with metabolic syndrome and chronic pancreatitis. 82 patients who underwent cholecystectomy for chronic calculous cholecystitis were included in our study. The experimental group consisted of 37 patients with metabolic syndrome and chronic pancreatitis. The comparison group included 45 patients without clinically confirmed metabolic syndrome and chronic pancreatitis. In accordance with the purpose and objectives, morphological examination of the gallbladder wall was performed. Data to be analyzed were processed using the statistical software package SPSS 20.0 for Windows. The gender and age structure of the studied contingent did not differ from that described in the scientific literature. The morphological picture of cholesterolosis did not differ in the study groups. In a mucous membrane considerable polymorphism of folds (villi) was noted. There were signs of desquamation and regeneration in the epithelium. There was a violation of the structure Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses. In some crypts microconcretions were defined. Atrophy and sclerosis of the stroma of the villi were detected in the mucous membrane. Significant expansion of the lumen of the veins in the own plate of the mucous membrane and the perimuscular layer of the gallbladder wall was noteworthy. Signs of stasis were found in the lumen of blood vessels. The lumen of the arteries was narrowed in places due to swelling and accumulation of yellow-brown pigment. Signs of spasm and significant sclerosis of the wall were identified. Dystrophic changes in the endothelium contribute not only to the development of uneven plethora of stagnant nature with significant edema, but also hemorrhage. Significant swelling of all layers was characteristic, causing their disintegration. Significant dilation of lymphatic vessels causes a significant thickening of the gallbladder wall. In some places, there is uneven hypertrophy of the muscle layer. There was an excessive increase in the tortuosity ducts of Luschka. According to the study, patients with metabolic syndrome and chronic pancreatitis, operated on for chronic calculous cholecystitis, along with maintaining the gender and age structure of the contingent, there is a significantly higher incidence of gallbladder cholesterolosis.

Various pathological conditions can be characterized not only by a decrease or increase in basal levels of hydrogen sulfide in the serum, but also the levels of hydrogen sulfide can modulate the course of the pathological process. The impact of serum hydrogen sulfide on the condition of the intact vaginal wall of rats was evaluated in this study. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of excess and deficiency of serum hydrogen sulfide on the condition of the vaginal wall of intact rats. The study was performed on 75 female Wistar rats under 1 year of age and weighing 160.0 to 200.0 grams. All animals were divided into 6 groups: control (intact rats); experimental 1 (H2S excess); experimental 2 (H2S deficiency); experimental 3 (intravaginal administration of suppositories with clindamycin); experimental 4 (H2S excess + suppositories with clindamycin); experimental 5 (H2S deficiency + suppositories with clindamycin). The levels of serum hydrogen sulfide were studied, as well as microscopic examination of the structure of the vaginal wall and determination of the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in tissue homogenate were performed. In experimental groups 3, 4 and 5 all studies were performed in dynamics – 10 minutes, 4, 8 and 24 hours after a single intravaginal administration of clindamycin phosphate. The data were processed using the statistical software package SPSS 20.0 for Windows. Under conditions of both hydrogen sulfide deficiency and excess, no statistically significant changes in TNF-α and IL-1β levels in the vaginal wall of intact rats were observed. Also, no changes in the histological structure of the wall were found. Similar data were demonstrated in experimental groups 3, 4 and 5. This picture is explained by the fact that hydrogen sulfide affects various parts of the inflammatory process, while reducing the production of inflammatory mediators. In intact tissues, in the absence of an inflammatory process, there is no point of application of hydrogen sulfide, and therefore no significant changes are observed. Thus, both excess and deficiency of serum hydrogen sulfide do not affect the condition of the vaginal wall of intact rats.

Introduction: Various pathological conditions are characterized by the influence of hydrogen sulfide level on the course of the pathological process. This study examines the effect of serum hydrogen sulfide levels on the inflammatory process in the vaginal wall of rats. Aims: To evaluate the effect of excess and deficiency of serum hydrogen sulfide on the course of the inflammatory process in the vaginal wall of rats. Methodology: The study was performed on 125 female Wistar rats under 1 year of age and weighing 160.0 to 200.0 grams. All animals were divided into 7 groups: control (intact rats) and 6 experimental groups with different H2S levels and different treatment approaches of inflammation in the vaginal wall. The level of serum hydrogen sulfide was studied and the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in the tissue homogenate of the vaginal wall were determined. In all experimental groups, the study was performed in dynamics - 10 min, 4, 8 and 24h after simulation of inflammation. Results: The dynamics of local levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in all groups had a similar trend and was characterized by the rapid development of the inflammatory process from its simulation to 4 hours of study, followed by gradual attenuation of inflammation and almost complete normalization of the studied indicators for 24 hours. Preliminary serial introduction of sodium hydrosulfide, as a donor of hydrogen sulfide, allowed to reduce the degree of manifestation of the inflammatory process and to achieve faster normalization of the studied parameters. At the same time, the artificially created deficiency of serum hydrogen sulfide (previous serial administration of propargylglycine) prolonged the duration and increased the studied indicators of inflammation in the vaginal wall. Conclusions: The course and intensity of the inflammatory process in the vaginal wall of rats are directly dependent on the background level of serum hydrogen sulfide.