This study illustrates the modification of the Poly-Urethane Foam (PUF) prepared from the Tung Oil (TO) and later impregnating it with varying ratio (~ 1 to 5 w/w%) of Activated Carbon (AC) which enable this modified entity to act as an effective adsorbent for the solvent and oil removal from the water. After its modification, it was found that the PUF impregnated with 5 w/w% AC displayed an enhanced solvent and oil adsorption capacity. The reusability of the adsorbent was observed to decrease with increasing number of cycles. Furthermore, the adsorption conduct was calculated in a batch-type process and validated using equilibrium and kinetics study. Here, the surface-modified PUF sorbent was characterized employing Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Contact Angle (CA) wettability study. Our findings inferred that with increasing AC ratio in the foam, its pore size and CA increases thereby enhancing the adsorption capacity making this proposed study to be more expedient for sustainable environment safety.

A comparative study of statistical particle model theory of diffuse reflectance has been made. Theories have been applied to six particulate samples having different optical characteristics and average particle sizes that vary from 42 to 106 mum. We made an overall assessment of each theoretical model by determining the CIELAB color difference using experimentally measured and theoretically predicted diffuse reflectance spectra in the visible spectral range. We discuss the performance ratings of the models of other researchers and discovered numerous typographical errors in Fresnel reflection coefficient expressions. We provide the correct versions for these expressions.

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