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Introduction: Osteochondroma is the most common benign bone tumor representing about 15 % of all bone tumors and 45.3 % of the benign bone tumors. They commonly arise from the metaphysis of a long bone with most common sites being distal femur, proximal tibia or proximal humerus. The occurrence of osteochondroma in flat bones particularly the scapula is uncommon. Case Presentation: In view of its rarity, we report a case of solitary osteochondroma of the scapula in an 18 year old male arising from the postero medial aspect of the body of scapula which was managed by excisional biopsy. He presented with a painless swelling of 2 years duration over the left scapula. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis with no evidence of malignant transformation. Discussion: Osteochondromas are primary bone tumors rarely found arising from the scapula. Although the exact etiology of the growth is unclear, it is due to a portion of physis herniating through the growth plate. Complications like malignant transformation, winging of scapula and restriction of shoulder movements can occur. Thickness of cartilagenous cap is an important predictor of malignant change. Conclusion: Solitary osteochondroma of the scapula is a rare entity .Timely diagnosis and complete excision of the tumor should be done in order to avoid recurrence and prevent complications. Keywords: Osteochondroma, Solitary, Scapula.

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Determining the incidence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT), a prospective study, in patients treated with Ilizarov external fixators for lower extremity fractures, fracture non unions or deformity correction.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A Prospective, observational and cross sectional study. 49 Patients with complex lower extremity injuries, deformities and non-union of fractures were treated with Ilizarov external fixator application, were assessed clinically and radiological (Venous Doppler) at regular intervals- 6 days post-surgery then at 6 weeks, 12 weeks and between 4 to 6 months post-operative. None were given chemoprophylaxis for the prevention of DVT and everyone were assessed pre operatively with a questionnaire and wells criteria was taken for assessment of high risk for developing venous thrombosis. There were 41 men and 8 women, 85.75% of the study group is of age 30 to 60 years.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Only 1 of 49 patients developed radiological evident DVT within 6 days of surgery. Patients who underwent application of Ilizarov external fixator electively for deformity correction, osteomyelitis and non-union showed no clinical or radiological evident signs of DVT.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The incidence of DVT and PTE is minimal when patients without chemoprophylaxis underwent lower limb Ilizarov external fixator application for acute trauma and electively for deformity correction, treatment of non-union and osteomyelitis. However further comparative and randomized studies need to be done to confirm our results.</p>

Introduction:Cephalomedullary nails are preferred over intramedullary nails for internal fixation of unstable intertrochanteric fractures; however, they are associated with complications as they do not match the anatomy of the proximal femur to a great extent. Aim: To investigate functional and radiological results of Zimmer natural nails in the management of unstable intertrochanteric fractures. Materials and Methods: A longitudinal prospective study of 99 patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures was carried out. All patients underwent closed reduction and internal fixation with 180 mm short Zimmer natural nails. Follow-up visits were scheduled for six weeks, three months, and six months for radiological healing and mobility measurements using RUSH and Parker scores, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square and ANOVA. Results: Mean age of patients was 69.77±11.47 years with a male to female ratio of 1:1. A majority of patients had co-morbidities like diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Average duration of surgery was 58.38 minutes with no statistically significant difference among the different categories of unstable intertrochanteric fractures. Fixation of fractures with Zimmer natural nails increased Parker score and RUSH score consistently with each follow-up visit (p<0.05). There were no postoperative complications in 93.94% cases. Conclusion: This study emphasised good functional and radiological results of Zimmer natural nails in the treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures.