Various types of carbon-based materials have been used as electrode materials for high-performance supercapacitor applications over the years. Graphene is one of the most extensively used carbon-based materials due to its unique properties, which include a high surface area and great conductivity. To take advantage of more of its intriguing features, graphene is customised to make graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide, which have better water dispersibility and are easy to combine with other materials to form binary or even ternary composites. Due to the fact that binary composites cannot meet the requirements of a high-performance supercapacitor, ternary composites have sparked a lot of attention recently. As a result, a variety of ways have been used to create ternary composites for high-performance supercapacitor applications by combining three different types of electroactive materials. The supercapacitive performance of graphene-based ternary composites with various active components, such as conducting polymers, metal oxide, and other carbon-based materials, is the subject of this research. The performance of graphene-based composites as electrodes in supercapacitors has been greatly improved. This article discusses the synthesis, graphene based supercapacitor electrode materials as well as the application of graphene based nanocomposites as supercapacitor application

We characterized optically and electrochemically synthesised pure PMMA and PMMA–TiO2 nanocomposites developed through various proportions of anatase TiO2 (TiO2 (A)) added by chemical polymerization at room temperature. The characterization of the nanocomposite was carried out using FT-IR, UV-Vis, XRD, and FESEM. Cyclic voltammetric studies exhibit good adherent behaviour on the electrode surface at pH 7.0 for PMMA and pH 4.0 for PMMA–TiO2 nanocomposite. It has been observed that PMMA–TiO2 nanocomposite modified GCE has good oxygen reduction ability, and also enhances resistance behaviour.

o-toluidine was polymerized with the incorporation of different amount of titanium dioxide (TiO2) by chemical oxidation method using potassium perdisulphate as oxidizing agent. Comparative studies were carried out with different nanocomposites of varying compositions of TiO2/PoT against poly-o-toluidine (PoT). The resulting poly-o-toluidine – TiO2 nanocomposites (PoTTNCs) were characterized by UV–Vis and FTIR spectral studies. TiO2 has a deep influence in the crystallinity of PoT chains order in nanocomposite structure as observed in the XRD pattern. Electrochemical characterization studies were carried out to compare the improved performance of varied compositions of TiO2/PoT with respect to PoT in different atmospheres.

Environmental remediation projects are becoming increasingly interested in polymers, transition-metal oxides and graphene based nanocomposites as photocatalysts. To increase their effectiveness, they could be adjusted in conjunction with one another. A hierarchically organised nanocomposite of reduced graphene oxide based TiO 2 and copolymer (Aniline and Indole) (rGO/ TiO 2 /P(ANI-co-IN)) , TiO 2 /P(ANI-co-IN) and P(ANI-co-IN) has been synthesized by heterogeneous emulsion polymerization and is used as a catalyst for the degradation of the cationic Rhodamine (RhB) dye. Different analyses were used to characterize the resulting nanocomposites i. e. UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX), High Resolution Transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Selected area (electron) diffraction (SAED) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). DRS results revealed that the rGO/ TiO 2 / P(ANI-co-IN) nanocomposites band gap decreased when compared to TiO 2 /P(ANI-co-IN) and P(ANI-co-IN). Here, rGO/ TiO 2 /P(ANI-co-IN) has outperformed every previous study on polymer/metal oxide/graphene-based ternary nanocomposites, achieving 92 % RhB degradation within 80 min with a degradation rate constant of 0.032 min À 1 . The reusability of rGO/ TiO 2 /P(ANI-co-IN) was run over five cycles which bought in only a small change which could be negligible. Overall, this research may make it easier to synthesise hierarchically organised ternary nanocomposites in the future, which might be used to improve photocatalysis and address environmental protection challenges.