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Though cranial hemangiomas are second only to vertebral hemangiomas in frequency, such lesions are rarely congenital and multiple. It is probable that the true incidence of congenital calvarial hemangiomas is higher than that reported in the literature, as they are unlikely to undergo imaging, most being asymptomatic and without a significant soft tissue component. We present a case of multiple congenital calvarial and skull base cavernous-type hemangiomas, diagnosed in a 4-day-old female, involving the right zygoma, maxilla, frontal and petrous temporal bones and contralateral squamous temporal bone. Surgical biopsy confirmed the radiological diagnosis as well as the concomitant multiple subcutaneous capillary-type hemangiomas which were identified clinically. No specific clinical syndrome or chromosomal abnormality was identified and the underlying cerebral parenchyma was normal with no intra-axial involvement. With conservative treatment, two lesions completely resolved and a further two lesions subsequently decreased in both size and degree of enhancement. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of multiple congenital hemangiomas involving the calvarium and skull base. Despite this, the radiological features, combined with the clinical findings of multiple capillary hemangiomas, were characteristic enough to permit an accurate preoperative diagnosis. Osseous hemangiomas should feature prominently in any differential diagnosis of multiple hypervascular lesions, as they are common, more so when limited to an anatomical region, irrespective of site or age.

Introduction: Malaria continues to be a major public health problem in developing country like India. India contributes to 77% of the total malarial cases in Southeast Asia. Objective: The present retrospective study was conducted to find out the clinical profile in admitted pediatric patients of malarial fever. Methods: 108 hospitalized laboratory diagnosed malarial pediatric cases admitted to tertiary care hospital from 1st August 2013 to 30 th Nov 2015 were studied. Records of all the patients who were discharged with the diagnosis of malaria were retrieved, compiled and analyzed. Results: Plasmodium falciparum was commonest implicating agent found in 68 (63%) of 108 children. Fever was the main presenting complains in all cases. Common clinical manifestations noted were organomegaly (63.9%), pallor (43.5%), altered sensorium (21.3%), convulsions (18.5%), clinical icterus (10.2%) and circulatory collapse. Mortality occurred only in children below 5 years with Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Conclusion: Plasmodium falciparum infection is common infecting species. Multi organ involvement and severe manifestations commonly observed in falciparum infection. Simple febrile seizures and respiratory symptoms are common with vivax infection. Isolated tender hepatomegaly observed in 9.3% of patients. Mortality noted with plasmodium falciparum malaria in children below 5yrs.

Introduction: Thyroid function test is commonly done in neonatal period to evaluate thyroid status. Interpretation of T4 and Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) values in the immediate post natal period is difficult due to wide physiological variation in their levels and potential influence of multiple factors. There is paucity of regarding thyroid function tests and the determinants. Aims: To assess the average level of T4 and TSH and to identify the impact of gestational age, birth weight, gender and mode of delivery on thyroid function in newborn. This is a prospective study conducted in neonatal care unit of tertiary hospital. Total of 108 neonates are enrolled in the study. Studied population were divided into groups based on sex, gestational age, birth weight and mode of delivery. Methods and Material: Venous sample is obtained at the age of 72-120 hours of life from a peripheral vein. The sample is sent for T4 and TSH levels estimation. Results: Mean T4 of 7.0±4 in Preterm is significantly lower than 10.1±5.6 in term neonates (p<.o1). Positive significant correlation of T4 with gestational age was observed ((r=0•68 and P<0•01). TSH negatively correlated significantly with gestational age (r=−0• 34 and P<0•01). Significant difference in mean T4 and TSH was noted in low birth weight (LBW) and in neonates weighing >2.5kg. Low birth weight (VLBW) also showed low levels of T4 which was significantly lower compared to low birth weight babies. TSH levels showed no difference between LBW and VLBW neonates. Gender and mode of delivery had no significant impact on T4 and TSH levels. Conclusions: Interpretation of T4 and TSH levels should be done with caution. In the postnatal period normative gestational age and birth weight specific data should be available before interpretation of thyroid levels. This will avoid unnecessary reinvestigations and follow-up.

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