Doctor and neurophysiologist: a modern solution to problems of rehabilitation ‘cognitive brain’ of Homo sapiens using on the one hand, tools and technologies of artificial intelligence, and with another — a multidisciplinary collaboration with clinical neurophysiologist ‘universal’ specialist in the field of neurology, psychiatry, psychotherapy, psychoanalysis and geriatrics. Modern artificial intelligence technologies are capable of many things, including predicting Alzheimer’s disease with the help of combined and hybrid neuroimaging, sequencing of a new generation, etc., in order to start timely and effective rehabilitation brain H. sapiens. The H. sapiens brain is the next frontier for health care. Through the fusion of combined and hybrid neuroimaging techniques with artificial intelligence technologies, it will be possible to understand and diagnose neurological disorders and find new methods of rehabilitation and medical and social support that will lead to improved mental health. To restore circadian neuroplasticity of the brain, a multimodal scheme is proposed: circadian glasses, functional nutrition and physical activity. A combined and hybrid cluster in the diagnosis, treatment, prevention and rehabilitation of cognitive disorders and cognitive disorders has been developed and implemented.

The human brain is the main tool and the most valuable resource on our planet. New epigenetics Homo sapiens and H. sapiens brain manage the interaction of genetic and epigenetic programs of aging and healthy longevity. Epigenetic clocks are mathematical models and artificial intelligence that predict the biological age of a person using DNA methylation data and are the most accurate biomarkers of the aging process. Genetic and epigenetic factors that limit a person’s life expectancy are relevant in biogerontological, biophysical and neurophysiological studies, especially from the point of view of the medical economy. Cerebrovascular aging can be considered from several points of view, including changes in vascular density (number of capillaries and arterioles), vascular plasticity (dynamic regulation of vascular density or structure) and vascular reactivity (adaptation of vessels to acute metabolic changes in tissues). The main control mechanisms in the cerebral circulation are unique in comparison with other vascular channels and include, but are not limited to such features as the blood-brain barrier, perivascular innervation, intracellular communication between neurons, perivascular glial cells and smooth muscle cells, high tissue metabolism, lack of anoxic tolerance and the presence of collateral arteries. Multidisciplinary and multimodal interaction in the triad brain-eyes-vessels makes it possible to identify early biomarkers of both general accelerated and pathological aging, and to diagnose neurodegeneration in a timely manner, and to carry out effective neurorehabilitation of cognitive impairment. Biochipping, neural and brain chips, the next (new) generation sequencing technology will allow the study of the expression of thousands of genes that will be used as biomarkers. Combined and hybrid methods of neuroimaging in collaboration with artificial intelligence technologies are modern tools for the diagnosis and prevention of cognitive impairment and healthy aging of the H. sapiens brain.

The peculiarity of the limbic system is that between its structures there are simple bilateral relations and complex paths, forming a set of closed circles. Such an organization creates conditions for a long circulation of the same excitation in the system and thus for the preservation of a single state in it and the dominance of this state to other brain systems. The limbic system organizes and ensures the flow of vegetative, somatic and mental processes in emotional and motivational activity. It also provides perception and storage of emotionally significant information, selection and implementation of adaptive forms of emotional behavior. In this regard, the limbic system is called the “visceral brain”. The main medical and social significance of the visceral brain is the formation of emotions. The visceral brain is involved in the regulation of the functions of internal organs, smell, automatic regulation, emotions, memory, sleep, wakefulness, etc. Visceral brain determines the choice and implementation of adaptive forms of behavior, the dynamics of innate forms of behavior, maintenance of homeostasis, generative processes. It provides hormonal stimulation of the body, creating an emotional background, the formation and implementation of the processes of higher nervous activity. Cognitive memory is one of the largest and most capacious concepts that represents the basic function of memory in General. The knowledge that a person receives during training is first perceived as something external, but then gradually they turn into experience and beliefs. Cognitive memory retains all the knowledge gained, representing a kind of “library”, and the process of assimilation and preservation is complicated as the complexity of the information received.

Modern rational pharmacotherapy allows being provided with a balance of efficacy and safety in clinical geriatrics, which is especially important in patients with neurovascular degeneration, including in the presence of severe forms of vascular comorbidity, requiring multi–component therapy, under the condition of active multidisciplinary and interdepartmental impact. Dementia in its origin is mixed and it is extremely difficult to divide into parts its primary degenerative or vascular component. The differentiated approach is determined by the heterogeneity of the pathological process, which common is the relationship of cerebral vascular damages with the development of the brain symptoms damage. The problem of nosological independence of Alzheimer’s disease is the subject of discussion for patients of older age groups (especially in people 65 years and older). The genesis of mnestic–intellectual disorders is due not so much to primary–degenerative as vascular changes, especially at the level of the microcirculatory canal. The modern problem of neurodegeneration has a neurophysiological, biophysical, gerontological, geriatric and strategic practical orientation since the diagnosis of the cause of the disease determines the choice of adequate treatment. Due to a large number of pathogenetical mechanisms, there is no single and standardized method of treatment for vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. In any case, prevention of the development and progression of vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease should take into account the etiological mechanisms of its occurrence, because it will vary in patients with failures of small vessels, occlusive damages of the main arteries of the head or an embolism of cardiogenic origin. In patients with failures of small vessels, the main direction of therapy should be the normalization of blood pressure, which leads to improved cognitive functions. At the same time, excessive lowering of blood pressure can provoke an increase in mnestic-intellectual disorders, possibly caused by a secondary decrease in cerebral blood flow due to a violation of autoregulation. Biophysics of blood circulation in Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by disorders of laminar blood flow and cerebral hypoperfusion. As a result, failure intracellular metabolism, there is a cascade of changes in neurons associated with the processes of excitotoxicity and oxidant stress, which in turn stimulates amyloidogenesis. Experimental and 25-year observations have shown that the long–existing state of hypoperfusion leads to hippocampal disorders. This process is accompanied by memory impairment, structural changes in the capillaries in the hippocampus, impaired glucose and protein metabolism, β–amyloid deposition, activation of glial tissue, the death of hippocampal neurons.

Biophysics of blood circulation in Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by disorders of laminar blood flow and cerebral hypoperfusion. As a result, failure intracellular metabolism, there is a cascade of changes in neurons associated with the processes of excitotoxicity and oxidant stress, which in turn stimulates amyloidogenesis. Experimental and 25-year observations have shown that the long-existing state of hypoperfusion leads to hippocampal disorders. This process is accompanied by memory impairment, structural changes in the capillaries in the hippocampus, impaired glucose and protein metabolism, β–amyloid deposition, activation of glial tissue, death of hippocampal neurons. Neuroreflex disruption in the ‘cerebral heart’ and a violation of cerebrovascular homeostasis contributes to the development of vascular dementia through the following mechanisms, including cerebral microangiopathy, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuronal damage, the increase in β–amyloid neurotoxicity, apoptosis, etc. The duration of therapy with antiglutamatergic and multimodal drugs in Alzheimer’s disease requires constant multidisciplinary monitoring of targets and medical and social control in the system of long-term care. Lifelong acquisition of knowledge, information positive Nano communication enable the preservation of mental health and active longevity. Innovative methods of P4-medicine of neuroplasticity management allow to carry out timely prevention of the factors reducing neuroplasticity, to keep factors of positive influence on visceral and cognitive brain, and the main thing — in due time to apply in practical health care the combined methods of preservation and development of the human cognitive brain.