Background: Alcohol abuse is one of the leading causes of millions of deaths, it is also a burden in society. Direct toxicity of ethanol affects cardiac muscle Acute intoxication shows pathological electrocardiogram changes such as sinus tachycardia in alcohol dependence syndrome, sinus arrhythmias, prolongation of QT interval, ventricular polarising complexes, poor progression of R wave, torse de pointes. Changes found in echocardiography are alteration in septal and ventricular wall thickness, left atrial dimensions, left ventricle dimension and mass.Methods: Patients attending outpatient and inpatients section in our tertiary care hospital Shri Balaji Vidhyapeet University were considered in study for a period of two years. Study size was 85 patients, Data were collected regarding proportion of ethanol intake, history of duration, symptoms related to cardiovascular system, blood parameters including thyroid function test, blood sugars are done, body mass index calculated, blood pressure recorded master chart made for statistical verification. The three-dimensional echocardiography in M mode is done by our cardiologist.Results: Echocardiography findings were correlated with duration of intake of alcohol end diastolic volume index (EDVI), End systolic volume index (ESVI), Left ventricle mass index (LVMI) had positive correlation of p-value less than 0.05. when quantity of ethanol intake correlated with echocardiography, Left ventricular inner dimension (LVID), fractional shortening (FS), ejection fraction (EF), posterior wall thickness, E/A ratio has no significance with p value. Abnormality is noted in left ventricle diastolic function and is corresponded to quantity and duration of alcohol. Moderate amount of less than 150grams of ethanol did not showed toxic effects in heart while severe quantity and duration more than ten years of intake showed left ventricle dysfunctionConclusions: Ethanol consumption in massive amount impair cardiac contractile function. Change in left ventricle volume takes place before the defect in the ventricular filling, which would be a marker for effect of ethanol in heart.

Background: Diabetes mellitus are a group of disorders as a result of reduced insulin secretion, insulin resistance, and increased glucose production and many more unknown etiologies. As compared to diabetic non-obese, diabetic obese individuals have an increased chance of 13.5 % in developing diabetic complications. Many diabetic patients are found to be vitamin-D deficient and its role in insulin regulation is being studied in many studies. Thus, diabetic complications and vitamin-D deficiency are likely to be developed in obese diabetic females.Methods: Type-2 diabetic females from 30 years to 60 years, attending in medicine as out-patient and female type-2 diabetes patients admitted in medical ward of RRMCH were assessed clinically. Parameters such as anthropometric measurements, weight, height, waist-hip ratio, tested for serum levels vitamin-D including other relevant investigations related to diabetes were done. Totally, 156 patients were assessed.Results: Assessment of 156 patients are as follows, 48.47±9.56years was the mean age of this study group. SD: 5.10±4.36 years is the mean diabetic duration of this study population. 0.98 was the mean waist-hip ratio. 98.93 cm was the mean waist circumference. 24.97 was the mean BMI. Mean fasting blood sugar (FBS) and post-prandial glucose test (PPBS) were: 202.73 mg/dl, 280.99 mg/dl respectively, 9.33% was the mean HbA1C. Majority of the females with type-2 diabetes (92.5%) had low levels of serum vitamin-D. 16.19 ng/ml was the mean serum vitamin-D levels. lower levels of serum vitamin-D were significantly associated with diabetic duration (p=0.082+), poor glycaemic control (p<0.001**) and increased BMI (p=0.011*).Conclusions: Majority of the females with type-2 diabetes mellitus were with waist-hip ratio more than 0.8 and Waist circumference more than 80 cm. Most of the study population had poor diabetic control. Lower levels of serum vitamin-D were found in almost all females with type-2 diabetes mellitus (92.5 %) and the most likely risk factor being obesity and poor glycaemic control as a conclusion of this study.