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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and the time taken of gutta-percha removal using protaper universal retreatment system (PTUS) and R Endo with Hedstrom files. METHODS AND MATERIAL: 45 mandibular premolars with one single straight canals were instrumented with k files and filled using cold lateral compaction and sealer. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups of 15 specimens each. After re-preparation with Gates Glidden drills and the test instruments, the specimens were cleared. The area of remaining guttapercha was measured using image analysis software. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: It was performed by means of the One-way Anova test to compare the mean values. Since there was a significance difference between mean values, Bonferroni multiple comparisons were made. Level of significance was set at P <0.05. RESULTS: The R Endo group showed significantly less obturating material than PTUS and Hedstrom files. PTUS and R Endo files required less time for gutta-percha removal. CONCLUSION: R Endo files were found to be more effective, both R Endo and PTUS took less time.

The present article describes the endodontic management of mandibular first and second molar with RE. The identification of this variation was done with the help of multi-angled radiographs.

Mouth ulcer is very common in recent years, which occurs due to the damage of epithelial tissue and/or lamina propria that finally leads to tissue necrosis. Benzocaine has been used to treat the mouth ulcers due to its excellent local anaesthetic effect that relieves the pain associated with mouth ulcer. Hence an attempt was made to develop and characterize the buccal films of Benzocaine to treat mouth ulcers with an aim of prolonging the drug release and improving the patient convenience. The films were fabricated using the mucoadhesive polymer blend of chitosan and HPMC by solvent casting method and the physico-mechanical, in vitro drug release and ex vivo buccal mucosal permeation characteristics of the films were studied. All fabricated film formulations prepared were smooth and almost opaque, with good flexibility. The weight and thickness of all the formulations were found to be uniform. Drug content in the films ranged from 97-99%, indicating favorable drug loading and uniformity. The inclusion of HPMC, significantly reduced the bioadhesive strength and in vitro mucoadhesion time of chitosan films, although the degree of swelling increased. In vitro drug release and permeation studies in simulated saliva showed a prolonged release for a period of 6 h for all formulations. The formulation with Chitosan: HPMC ratio 1:1, 10% w/w polysorbate 80 and 10% w/w propylene glycol as plasticizers showed the best results which exhibited the cumulative percentage drug release of 87.9 % and the cumulative amount of drug permeation of 7.62mg/cm 2 across goat buccal mucosa in 6 h. Drug-excipient interaction studies were carried out using DSC and FT-IR technique; films indicated no chemical interaction between drug and polymers used.

An implant-supported hybrid prosthesis is an acrylic resin complete fixed dental prosthesis and supported by implants might be a solution in extreme cases that the need of the restoration for esthetics, function, lip support, and speech. This clinical report aims to present the esthetic and functional prosthetic rehabilitation of a borderline case with implant-supported hybrid prostheses. A 31yrs old female patient was referred to the department of prosthodontics for rehabilitation of angulated implants. The intra-arch dimension of the patient was excessive and an insufficient peri-oral soft tissue support was observed. The clinical and radiologic examinations showed satisfactory implant health. After 3 years of follow-up, no functional, phonetic, or esthetic problems with the restorations were noted. This case reports suggest that implant-supported hybrid prostheses can be a reliable alternative treatment procedure when a porcelain-fused metal fixed restoration does not satisfy a patient's requirements for esthetics, phonetics, oral hygiene, and oral comfort.