Abstract-In this paper, we present an innovative solution to the handover problem in multi-story buildings using HVAC ducts for wireless communications. The proposed solution is based on a new system architecture design of the indoor wireless networks that use the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) ducts as a communication channel. Exploiting the system architecture design and the time diversity at the mobile terminal, we show that intra-floor handover can be eliminated, while interfloor handover can be substantially reduced due to the fact that multiple floors can be served via the same access point. Our results indicate that the mean number of handovers per call achieved in the indoor wireless networks that use HVAC ducts reduces; e.g., by up to a factor of nine for the illustrative example considered in this paper compared to that of indoor wireless networks that do not use HVAC ducts. The improvement; i.e., reduction in the mean number of handovers in multi-story building, depends on the number of access points used.
Abstract-In this paper, we present a performance analysis for different implementations of handover in indoor wireless networks (IWN) that use heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) ducts as communication channels. If FDMA/TDMA technology is used, our results show that the handover performance, i.e., new call blocking and handover dropping probabilities, of an IWN that uses HVAC ducts are up to 6.6 times better for practical scenarios compared to those of traditional IWN (i.e., IWN that do not use HVAC ducts). Our results also indicate that for scenarios under investigation, using a single access point to serve one floor and its staircase region achieves the best handover performance for IWN that use HVAC ducts.The solution to the handover problem in HVAC-IWN is tightly coupled with the coverage, capacity, and load balancing issues in indoor wireless networks. We show, for the first time, that the proposed solution to the handover problem in HVAC-IWN results in an increase in capacity per coverage area, an increase in the radius of coverage for an access point, and can be used to achieve load balancing in WLANs that use IEEE 802.11 technology.
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