An electron momentum spectrometer has been constructed which measures electron binding energies and momenta by fully determining the kinematics of the incident, scattered, and ejected electrons resulting from (e,2e) ionizing collisions in a thin solid foil. The spectrometer operates with incident beam energies of 20–30 keV in an asymmetric, non-coplanar scattering geometry. Bethe ridge kinematics are used which for 20 keV incident energy has scattered electron energies of 18.8 keV at a polar angle of θs=14°and azimuthal angles φs in the range from −18° to +18° and ejected electrons of 1.2 keV and θe=76°with φe=π±6°. The technique uses transmission through the target foil, but it is most sensitive to the surface from which the 1.2 keV electrons emerge, to a depth of about 2 nm. Scattered and ejected electron energies and azimuthal angles are detected in parallel using position sensitive detection, yielding true coincidence count rates of 6 Hz from a 5.5 nm thick evaporated carbon target and an incident beam current of around 100 nA. The energy resolution is approximately 1.3 eV and momentum resolution approximately 0.15 a0−1. The energy resolution could readily be improved by monochromating the incident electron beam.

No abstract

No abstract

Energy-resolved electron momentum densities are determined for a thin Si film evaporated onto a carbon foil. This is done by transmission (e,2e) spectroscopy, a technique that does not rely on crystal momentum and is therefore ideally suited for the study of amorphous materials. Spectra were collected with an energy resolution of 2 eV and a momentum resolution of 0.15 au (0.3 AA-1). The main feature disperses in a strikingly similar way to the crystalline ones. In addition to the dispersion the intensities of the peaks are obtained. In spite of having only a qualitative understanding of the shape of the spectra, the results of the comparison of measured amorphous momentum densities with calculated crystalline ones are reasonable. The basis of this agreement between amorphous solid and crystalline theory is discussed.

No abstract