No abstract

The parameters related to oxidative stress and heavy metal levels were assessed during summer and winter seasons in buffaloes from environmentally exposed areas (n=60) of Ludhiana district of Punjab (India) and control area (n=40). Buffaloes of heavy metal exposed areas exhibited significantly (p less than 0.05) increased blood levels of Cr, Ni, As and Pb along with significantly (p less than 0.05) higher erythrocytic malondialdehyde (MDA) levels; whereas significant (p less than 0.05) decrease was observed in superoxide dismutase activity and the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), vitamins C and E as compared to buffaloes from control area. The level of oxidative stress was higher in all buffaloes during summer as compared to winter as indicated by significantly (p less than 0.05) higher MDA level, and lower concentrations of GSH, vitamins C and E irrespective of the area. Blood Cr, Ni, As and Pb levels showed highly significant positive correlation (p less than 0.01) with MDA level but negative correlation with SOD activity and the concentrations of GSH, vitamins C and E. Thus, it may be concluded that buffaloes exposed to heavy metals encounter significant oxidative stress and potential to quench free radicals is compromised during summer.

Parbhani, 431 402 (MS) IndiaFOOT-AND-MOUTH disease (FMD) is one of the most economically important diseases of cloven-footed animals. The direct economical losses due to FMD are caused by the reduction in milk production and draught power, the cost of treatment, and the deaths of young animals. Indirect economical losses are due to conditions such as panting syndrome, abortion, infertility, permanent disability, and permanent loss of lactation. Most of the work being carried out on FMD is concerned with prophylactic measures by vaccination, and treatment, but the factors which cause groups of animals to become susceptible to FMD are unknown. The levels of certain metabolites in the blood may indicate various types of stress, resulting in an animal or a herd under a given managemental system possibly becoming susceptible to certain diseases (Payne and others 1973). This short communication describes a study which was undertaken to investigate the differences in the metabolic constituents of blood in healthy cattle and cattle with FMD.Two groups of cattle were used, one consisting of 48 naturally affected FMD cases and the other consisting of 11 healthy cattle. The animals were of a local breed and both groups contained both male and female cattle. The animals were kept under a free-range system with optimum maintenance requirements. Their feed consisted of a concentrate mixture provided for their optimal maintenance, and jowar (sorghum), kadbi or greens (lucerne or maize) according to the availability of fodder.Blood samples were collected from the animals, using 25,000 iu heparin sodium (Evans Biological) as an anticoagulant, in the morning, before the animals were fed or watered. Another blood sample (approximately 10 ml) was collected from each animal in order to obtain serum. The plasma and serum samples were stored at -20°C until used for biochemical analysis. Fresh blood samples were analysed within 24 hours of collection for biochemical constituents. Standard methods were used to determine the levels of blood glucose (the method of Foline and Wu, as described by Oser [ 1965]), serum cholesterol (the ferric chloride method, as described by Nath [ 1976]), serum urea nitrogen (the DAM urea method), total serum protein (the Biuret method) and serum albumin (the BCG dye binding method). The serum globulin values were calculated as the difference between total protein and albumin, and from this the albumin:globulin ratio was estimated. Statistical analysis was carried out by using an FMOaffte cattl Healthycatl Metabolite mean(* Range Mean (se) Range P Blood glucose (mmol/litre) 446 (0.15) 2-35-7*77 3.15 (0.03) 2.99-3-21 <0.01 Serum urea nitrogen (mmol/litre) 4-Albumin:globulin ratio 3-35 (1-00) 1-25-2-95 4-07 (4.00) 5.44-2-60 >0-05 unpaired t test (Panse and Sukhatme 1965). The values of various metabolites in two groups are shown in Table 1.Comparison of the mean values for blood glucose between the two groups showed a significantly higher (P<0-01) glucose level in the FMD-affected cattle. Recent research has su...

Background: To investigate seroprevalence, clinical manifestations, molecular diagnosis of Lumpy Skin Disease in cattle in an around Parbhani during outbreak of LSD. Methods: The cattle irrespective of their age, breed and gender were screened for detection of LSDV. Duration of study period was from December, 2020 to August, 2021. The cattle showed high fever, presence of nodules on body, nasal discharge, ocular discharge, brisket oedema and lameness were screened for Lumpy Skin Disease and were further confirmed using molecular tests. Total 478 cattle were screened for the seroprevalence of Lumpy Skin Disease by ELISA and PCR tests. The cattle were categorized into different age groups as calves (less than 0-2 years), young (between 2-4 years) and adults (4 years and above). The various breeds such as Khillar, Red Kandhari, Gir, Holstein-Friesen, cross-bred and non-descript cattle were screened. The seroprevalence of Lumpy Skin Disease in female and male was also recorded. Result: The molecular assay of LSD revealed that, out of 478 cattle screened, 267 (55.85%) serum samples were found positive by ELISA test. Whereas, among 267 blood samples and 8 scab samples tested by PCR, 82 blood samples (30.7%) and 5 scab samples (62.5%) were found positive for LSDV in cattle. LSD is an emerging, transboundary and economically important viral disease of cattle. The overall seroprevalence of LSD in cattle was 55.85%. Prominent clinical manifestations in LSD affected cattle was Prominent clinical manifestations in LSD affected cattle were fever followed by generalized appearance of skin nodules on body. In addition, LSD affected cattle showed oculo-nasal discharge, enlarged lymph nodes, brisket oedema, lameness, corneal opacity and anorexia. The scab samples were more reliable material for LSDV confirmation by PCR.

No abstract