We demonstrate significant enhancement of second-order nonlinear interactions in a one-dimensional semiconductor Bragg mirror operating as a photonic band gap structure. The enhancement comes from a simultaneous availability of a high density of states, thanks to high field localization, and the improvement of effective coherent length near the photonic band edge.

By exploiting the unique properties of periodic stratified media we demonstrate simultaneously phase matching and enhancement of the optical field under second order nonlinear interaction. This leads to a second harmonic efficiency growth faster than the fifth power of the structure length, far better than the usual quadratic behavior associated with second order nonlinear effects.

We fabricated second-order nonlinear gratings in D-shaped germanosilicate fibers, using thermal poling and periodic electrodes defined by standard photolithography. These gratings, which are up to 75 mm long, were used for efficient quasi-phase-matched frequency doubling of 1.532-mum nanosecond pulses from a high-power erbium-doped fiber amplifier. Average second-harmonic powers as high as 6.8 mW and peak powers greater than 1.2 kW at 766 nm were generated, with average and peak conversion efficiencies as high as 21% and 30%, respectively.

We demonstrate second-harmonic generation in a doubly resonant semiconductor microcavity. The monolithic cavity consists of an AlGaAs active medium sandwiched between two AlGaAs/AlAs dual-wavelength mirrors. The mirrors do not have any apparent periodicity because, unlike single- or dual-wavelength Bragg reflectors, they are engineered with dispersion taken into account. Quasi-phase matching is obtained by addition of the appropriate phases at reflection so as to compensate for the dephasing between the fundamental and the second-harmonic fields.

Five days of Cr supplementation increased body weight and fat-free body mass in resistance-trained men who were classified as responders. Peak force and total force during a repeated maximal isometric bench-press test were also significantly greater in the responders compared to the placebo group.