The target of this paper is to build up an exact model for ideal plan through outline the structure of wing that consolidate the composite (Skins) and isotropic materials (every single other structure) and contrast this and a similar wing made by changing the materials and the orientation of composite ply in skin.The ideal plan for each wing with various materials and different ply orientation can be obtained by comparing the displacement and stress on the wing. The structural design of the wing is finished with the assistance of CATIA V5, every parts modelled independently and collected in the IGS file. By using the IGS file as geometry, the Finite element modeling is completed in ANSYS and the Static analysis was done using ANSYS. In this analysis, the boundary conditions of inertia force of 1Kg and the lift force is used to simulate the wing loading on the wings. From this study, the Optimum design of the wing was found from the comparisons of stress and displacement of each material and ply combination.

In Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor, which is under construction, a dedicated Safety Grade Decay Heat Removal (SGDHR) is employed for removing decay heat during shut down (in case the normal path is not available). Each SGDHR loop consists of a sodium to sodium heat exchanger (DHX) and sodium to air heat exchanger (AHX). Two types of AHX are employed for diversity and this paper discusses creepfatigue damage evaluation of a special type of sodium to air exchanger. It is a vertical cross flow type heat exchanger with finned tubes connecting two toroidal sodium headers. Five different types of tube configurations, each 50 in numbers (total 250 Nos.) connect both the headers and the entire component is supported through the top header with the bottom outlet header floating. During the normal reactor operating conditions the sodium temperature at the hot end is nearly 823 K. The normal operation, SGDHR operation and shut down condition lead to cyclic thermal stresses. 3-D analyses of the exchanger have been completed for self weight, pressure and thermal loadings. The FEM code CAST-3M, issued by CEA France has been used. The toroidal header has been modeled using shell elements and all the tubes are modeled using pipe elements. The peak stress at the critical junction is 96.4 MPa. The resulting fatigue damage is found to be negligible and the total creep damage is estimated as 0.88 which is conservative, as the stress relaxations are not accounted in the analysis. More details are discussed in the paper.

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