In early-stage and advanced-stage recurrent glottic carcinomas after radiotherapy, CO(2) laser treatment can successfully be used as a curative organ-preserving procedure. Compared with salvage laryngectomy, results are superior with respect to preservation of laryngeal function. Great expertise is required, especially in resections of advanced-stage recurrent carcinomas.

Highly efficient magnetic spin memory devices operating at ambient temperatures were recently realized via self-assembled molecular layers of an enantiomeric phase of polyalanine (PA). However, the repeatability and yield of such molecular devices rely sensitively on the layer quality. In this work, we grew molecular layers of α-L-PA (36 monomers of αamino acid, 5.4 nm) on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surfaces and investigated the structure by scanning tunneling microscopy under ambient conditions at the liquid−solid interface, complemented by X-ray photoelectron and Raman spectroscopies. Our results suggest that interdigitation of adjacent molecules takes place, which leads to a packing density of 0.8 PA/nm 2 , which is more than a factor of 2 higher than that of the closed-packed structure. The interdigitation not only stabilizes the PA film by additional H bonds but also ensures chiral alignment between adjacent molecules, which may be a prerequisite for a coherent electron transmission.

No abstract

Embryonic development is dictated by tight regulation of DNA replication, cell division and differentiation. Mutations in DNA repair and replication genes disrupt this equilibrium, giving rise to neurodevelopmental disease characterized by microcephaly, short stature and chromosomal breakage. Here, we identify biallelic variants in two components of the RAD18-SLF1/2-SMC5/6 genome stability pathway, SLF2 and SMC5, in 11 patients with microcephaly, short stature, cardiac abnormalities and anemia. Patient-derived cells exhibit a unique chromosomal instability phenotype consisting of segmented and dicentric chromosomes with mosaic variegated hyperploidy. To signify the importance of these segmented chromosomes, we have named this disorder Atelís (meaning - incomplete) Syndrome. Analysis of Atelís Syndrome cells reveals elevated levels of replication stress, partly due to a reduced ability to replicate through G-quadruplex DNA structures, and also loss of sister chromatid cohesion. Together, these data strengthen the functional link between SLF2 and the SMC5/6 complex, highlighting a distinct role for this pathway in maintaining genome stability.

The colourless compounds Na3OCl and Na3OBr have been prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction techniques. Na3OCl crystallizes in a cubic primitive lattice with a = 450.0(3) pm (Z = 1). Na3OBr is isotypic with Na3OCl and its lattice constant is a = 457.3(5) pm. The structures are related to the anti-perowskitetype