Substitution effect of sea tangle (ST) with tunic of sea squirt (SS) in diet on growth and carcass composition of juvenile abalone was determined. One thousand four hundred and seventy abalones were distributed into 21 containers. Six formulated diets in triplicate were prepared. A 200 g/kg ST was included into the ST0 diet. The 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 g/kg of ST were substituted with the same amount of tunic of SS, referred to as the ST200, ST400, ST600, ST800 and ST1000 diets, respectively. Finally, Undaria was prepared to compare effect of the formulated diets on performance of abalone. The experimental diets were fed to abalone for 16 weeks. Weight gain of abalone fed the ST400 diet was higher than that of abalone fed the ST0, ST600, ST800 and ST1000 diets and Undaria. Weight gain of abalone fed the formulated diets was higher than that of abalone fed the Undaria. The chemical composition of the carcass of abalone was affected by dietary substitution of ST with tunic of SS. In conclusion, ST could be completely substituted with tunic of SS without retardation in performance of abalone. Abalone fed the ST400 diet substituting 400 g/kg ST with tunic of SS achieved the best growth. K E Y W O R D Sabalone (Haliotis discus, Reeve 1846), dietary substitution, sea tangle (ST), the formulated diet, tunic of sea squirt (SS), Undaria | INTRODUCTIONAs abalone farmers prefer to feeding abalone on macroalgae (MA), such as sea tangle (ST) Laminaria japonica and Undaria pinnatifida due to easy management in farms in Korea, MA are the common feed for abalone culture. Availability of these MA, however, is limited during winter season in wild. In addition, an international market price of MA has recently increased sharply due to high demand for human consumption and expansion of abalone farm. were reported to be 250-350 and 30-70 g/kg, respectively, when casein was used as the main protein source for juvenile abalone (Bautista-Teruel, Fermin, & Koshio, 2003;Fleming, Barneveld, & Hone, 1996; Mai, Mercer, & Donlon, 1995a,b).Many studies revealed that performance of abalone fed on wellformulated diet was superior to that fed on the MA (Bautista-Teruel et al., 2003;Cho, Park, Kim, & Yoo, 2008;Cho, Park, Kim, Yoo, & Lee, 2006;Dang, Li, Speck, & Benkendorff, 2011;Gracia-Esquivel & Felbeck, 2009;Jung et al., 2016;Lee, Yun, & Hur, 1998;Myung et al., 2016;Uki, Kemuyama, & Watanabe, 1985; Viana, Lopez, & Salas,1993). This is probably resulted from poor quality of nutrients, such as protein (amino acids) and/or lipid (fatty acids), in the latter compared to the former Mai, Mercer, & Donlon, 1996;Myung et al., 2016). Therefore, development of the formulated diet for abalone to satisfy high demand for human's consumption keeps being needed.As tunic of sea squirt (SS), Halocynthia roretzi, is commonly left to the sea after deshelling for human consumption, it is regarded as pollution source. SS is culturing year-round in Korea and its annual production from aquaculture reached 21,325 tons (KOSIS 2016).Therefore, availability of...

This paper presents simulation-based analysis of energy flow of a wheel loader. The objective of this study is to analyze the energy flow of a wheel loader during driving and working. Because the wheel loader powertrain consists of a mechanical and hydraulic powertrain, the generated power from the engine is divided into 2 powertrains. Further, a virtual prediction of energy flow in the powertrains is a key factor in terms of optimal design. Accordingly, the simulation model that is able to predict the virtual energy flow is developed and analyzed in this study. The proposed wheel loader simulation model has been constructed in the Matlab/Simulink environment. It is expected that the developed simulation model will analyze the energy flow and efficiency in the design stage.