BACKGROUNDThe aim of this study is to study the incidence, age and sex distribution, commonest clinical presentation, stage at the time of presentation, procedure performed and the outcome of carcinoma of stomach in the patients attending surgical wards in the Government General Hospital, Rangaraya Medical College, Kakinada from August 2011 to September 2013.Carcinoma of stomach has been described as "captain of men of death." It is the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer related deaths. Carcinoma of stomach is the most common gastrointestinal malignancy. Its incidence has been increasing in the developing countries.

BACKGROUNDGastric outlet obstruction (GOO) is a clinical and pathophysiological consequence of any disease process that produces a mechanical impediment to gastric emptying which may be extrinsic or intrinsic. GOO may be caused by a heterogeneous group of diseases that include both benign and malignant conditions. 1,2 Until the late 1970s, benign disease was responsible for the majority of cases of GOO in adults. By contrast, in recent decades, 50 to 80 percent cases have been attributable to malignancy. Aim-1. To study the incidence of various aetiologies causing GOO. 2. To observe the benign versus malignant conditions as aetiological cause. 3. To follow the surgeries done for cases of GOO and to study their surgical outcome.

BACKGROUNDPancreatic cancer is the ninth most common cancer and is fourth most common cause of cancer related death. More than 85% of pancreatic cancers are ductal adenocarcinoma. They arise most commonly from the head. They are mostly scirrhous tumours characterised by neoplastic glands with marked desmoplastic fibrous stroma. Even for patients with a tumour that has been surgically removed, local and systemic recurrence is common and the median survival is only 17 -23 months. Aims-To study the epidemiology of pancreatic malignancies. To study the time of presentation and operability in the patients with carcinoma pancreas presenting to GGH, Kakinada. Role of various investigative modalities in diagnosing pancreatic cancers. Types of treatment given (curative resections, palliations and chemo and radiotherapy). Morbidity of the patients undergoing surgical treatment. Survival of patients with various modalities of treatment. Post-operative followup. RESULTSThe mean age of presentation is 49.71 yrs. Pancreatic cancers appear to be more common in men. Of the 38 patients studied 36 patients had adenocarcinoma, 1 patient had pseudopapillary tumour and 1 patient had main duct IPMN. The most common symptom with which patients presented is Jaundice (87%) followed by loss of weight and appetite (79%). Pseudopapillary tumour and cystic neoplasm of pancreas did not present with jaundice. Gallbladder was palpable in 19 cases (50%). Vomiting occurred in 4 patients who developed gastric outlet obstruction. Number of patients in whom CECT was suggestive of an operable tumour, but intraoperatively tumour was inoperable are 9/27. Among the 38 cases studied, only 17 patients had raised CA19-9 levels, which is around 44.73%. Definitive procedure was done in 18 patients, whereas palliative surgery was done in 9 patients. Complications-The most common complication after pancreatic resections is surgical site infection. Other complications encountered are pancreatic leaks, delayed gastric emptying, reactionary haemorrhage and precipitation of other medical conditions like CCF; 2 patients died in post-operative period 3 rd and 6 th day. In the present study, the mean survival among the operative group is 11.68 months compared to 4.06 months in palliative group. There is a clear overall survival in patients post resection; 12 patients are still in followup, 7 of whom underwent palliative procedure and patients underwent resection. CONCLUSION Males compared to females suffered more in the ratio of 23:15.  There is steady increase in the incidence of pancreatic malignancies with age with peak incidence between 50 -60 yrs.  Jaundice followed by loss of weight and loss of appetite are the most common symptoms.  Elevated bilirubin with palpable gallbladder is seen in 50% of cases only.  USG abdomen is a useful screening method for identification of dilated CBD and presence or absence of mass lesion of pancreas and to see for any distension of gallbladder.  Dilated CBD with mass in the head of pancreas is the most common imaging findi...

BACKGROUNDJaundice refers to yellowish discolouration of skin, sclera and mucous membranes due to increased concentration of bilirubin in body fluids. The pathological mechanism of jaundice can be classified into haemolytic, hepatocellular and obstructive. Jaundice that can be corrected with surgery is known as obstructive jaundice. Aims  To study the cases of obstructive jaundice and evaluation of clinical features, diagnosis and management.  To study incidence in relation to age and sex of patients. To study various causes, pathological diagnosis in obstructive jaundice cases.  To study the clinical presentation in various surgical jaundice patients. To study the treatment in various surgical jaundice patients.

BACKGROUNDAppendicitis is the most common of the surgically managed pain abdomen cases. Early surgical intervention improves outcome. First laparoscopic appendectomy was performed by deKok in 1977. 1 Laparoscopic appendicectomy is the standard of treatment and has standard advantage over open appendicectomy 2 with a slight increase in formation of intra-abdominal abscess. 3 The aim was to study the duration of anaesthesia, postop analgesic doses required, duration of hospital stay and complication profile of standard 3-port appendectomy vs. 2-port lap. assisted appendectomy in cases with early appendicitis. MATERIALS AND METHODSA prospective study was conducted in Government General Hospital, Kakinada. The study period is from 1 st June 2016 to 15 th October 2016. The study sample is 62 patients, randomised to both groups in patients with acute appendicitis with no adhesions or mass formation. RESULTSThere is decrease in the duration of patient under anaesthesia, number of postop analgesic doses required, duration of hospital stay and complication profile was studied and found be better than that with standard 3-port appendectomy. CONCLUSIONIn patients with early appendicitis with no mass formation or adhesions 2-port lap. assisted open appendicectomy can be done which decreases the duration of patient under anaesthesia, postoperative pain and with less number of postoperative doses of analgesic required. It helps in early enteral feeding, early mobilisation and early discharge of patient.