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RESUMO:Neste trabalho, buscou-se avaliar a suscetibilidade de modelos de tubos gotejadores ao entupimento, quando expostos ao uso de cloreto de potássio (branco e vermelho), aplicados via diferentes qualidades de água. O experimento foi realizado no Laboratório de Irrigação do Departamento de Engenharia Rural da Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" -ESALQ/USP, por um período de nove meses, analisando o desempenho de oito modelos de tubos gotejadores convencionais, com quatro tratamentos e dez repetições, sendo cada repetição representada por um gotejador. Os tratamentos aplicados foram: (T1-Lg/B) água do lago x cloreto de potássio branco; (T2-Lg/V) água do lago x cloreto de potássio vermelho; (T3-Lb/B) água do laboratório x cloreto de potássio branco, e (T4-Lb/V) água do laboratório x cloreto de potássio vermelho. Os modelos de tubos gotejadores apresentaram desempenhos variáveis, sugerindo que a arquitetura interna dos gotejadores foi o fator determinante na caracterização do processo de entupimento. Não foi observado elevado entupimento com relação à aplicação dos cloretos de potássio branco e vermelho na ausência ou presença de fitoplâncton, mostrando que é possível utilizar cloreto de potássio vermelho em fertirrigação. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:fertirrigação, uniformidade de distribuição, irrigação localizada. CLOGGING OF CONVENTIONAL DRIPLINES UNDER THE APPLICATION OF POTASSIUM CHLORIDE (WHITE AND RED) WITH TWO WATER QUALITIESABSTRACT: This work aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of several dripline models against the clogging process when exposed to potassium chloride (white and red), applied through different water qualities (fertigation). The experiment was accomplished in three phases, at the Laboratory of Irrigation of the Department of Rural Engineering at ESALQ/USP, for a period of nine months, by analyzing the performance of eight conventional drip models, with four treatments and ten repetitions, being each repetition a dripper. The applied treatments were: (T1-Lg/B) water of the lake x chloride of white potassium; (T2-Lg/V) water of the lake x chloride of red potassium; (T3-Lb/B) water of the laboratory x chloride of white potassium and (T4-Lb/V) water of the laboratory x chloride of red potassium. The dripline models presented variable performance, suggesting that internal architecture of emitters is a major factor related to clogging resistance for imposed treatments. It was not observed high clogging with the application of white or red potassium chloride, under different water quality conditions, showing that it is possible to use the red potassium chloride for fertigation without problems.

This work aims to quantify possible disturbances of flow rate in drip emitters subject to the application of potassium chloride, suspended solids, water containing organic material and concentrated solution of soluble iron. The experiment was accomplished in the Laboratory of Irrigation of the Department of Biosystem Engineering at ESALQ/USP, analyzing the performance of 22 drippers. All treatments had water with phytoplankton + 1 kg of clay soil, with applications of potassium chloride and positioning of emitters ranging as follows: T1: white potassium chloride with dripper facing down (T1+So+Sc↓); T2: red potassium chloride

Since clogging of emitters is directly related to the quality of irrigation water, current assay quantifies possible discharge disorders in drips to which potassium chloride (white and red), soluble iron, suspended solids (soil particles) and water with organic matter (phytoplankton and algae) were applied. Assay was conducted at the Irrigation Laboratory of the Department of Biosystem Engineering of the Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"-ESALQ/USP, and analyzed the performance of 21 drip tubes models, with four treatments and ten replications. Each replication was represented by a dripper. The addition of red potassium chloride and water with organic matter did not cause greater clogging rates. Model C7 had the best performance among the conventional models. C5 and C6 were the conventional models most prone to clogging, with high clogging rates. Model A9 had the best performance, whereas model A4 the highest clogging trend.

Clogging dynamics of driplines under the application of potassium chloride (white and red) for different water qualities This work aims to evaluate the susceptibility of several dripline models against clogging process when exposed to potassium chloride (white and red), applied through different water qualities (fertirrigation). The experiment was accomplished in three phases, during a period of twelve months, analyzing the performance of 22 drip models (compensating and conventional), with four treatments and ten repetitions, being each repetition a dripper. In the first phase, it was applied the following treatments: (T1) water with fitoplancton (lake) and white potassium chloride; (T2) water with fitoplancton (lake) and red potassium chloride; (T3) potable water (laboratory) and white potassium chloride; (T4) potable water (laboratory) and red potassium chloride. In the second phase, solid particles were added to the solutions of previous treatments 1 (T1-Lg/B) and 2 (T2-Lg/V), maintaining the same solution for treatment 3 (T3-Lb/B) and added iron sulfate to the solution of treatment 4 (T4-Lb/V). In the third phase iron hydroxide was added to the solutions of T1 (T1+So) and T2 (T2+So) treatments, one more application of a concentrated solution directly in drip lines without passing through the filtration system, resulting the following treatments: (T1) water with fitoplancton, white potassium chloride, solid particles and iron hydroxide, with dripper facing down. (T2) water with fitoplancton, red potassium chloride, solid particles and iron hydroxide, with drippers facing up, (T3) water with fitoplancton , white potassium chloride, solid particles and iron hydroxide, with drippers facing up, (T4) water with fitoplancton, red potassium chloride, solid particles and hydroxide of iron, with drippers facing down. Driplines presented a variable performance, regarding the original flow rate levels and variation coefficient, suggesting that internal architecture of emitters, it is a major factor related to clogging resistance to treatments imposed. Statistical differences were not observed for clogging dynamics under the application of white or red potassium chloride, under different water quality conditions, showing that it is possible to use the red potassium chloride for fertirrigation without problems. It is recommended to certify the absence of iron element in the fertilizer based on laboratory analysis. The addition of solid particles and iron sulfate to first phase treatments, going through the filtration system, did not increase the clogging rate or emitters (second phase). The application of solid particles and iron hydroxide in the system without passing through the filtration system (phase 3) and the positioning of drippers facing down, intensified the clogging process. Conventional models were more sensitive and compensating models were more tolerant of this water quality conditions. Models C3 performance better among the conventional models in all phases studied. Models A2 and A3 stood out among compensa...