Mycobacterium genus causes a variety of zoonotic diseases. The best known example is the zoonotic tuberculosis due to M. bovis. Much less is known about “nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM),” which are also associated with infections in humans. The Mexican standard NOM-ZOO-031-1995 regulates the presence of M. bovis in cattle; however, no regulation exists for the NTM species. The objective of this study was to isolate and identify nontuberculous mycobacteria species from cattle of local herds in the south region of the State of Mexico through the identification and detection of the 100 bp molecular marker in the 23S rRNA gene with subsequent sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Milk samples (35) and nasal exudate samples (68) were collected. From the 108 strains isolated, 39 were selected for identification. Thirteen strains isolated from nasal exudates amplified the 100 bp molecular marker and were identified as M. neoaurum (six strains), M. parafortuitum (four strains), M. moriokaense (two strains), and M. confluentis (one strain). Except M. parafortuitum, the other species identified are of public health and veterinary concern because they are pathogenic to humans, especially those with underlying medical conditions.

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Objective: To detect the spatial distribution of the sinkholes of the Peninsula of Yucatan (SPY) and identify those cenotes where microorganisms have been registered. Methods: The geographic coordinates of the SPYs were obtained from various databases, as well as from scientific publications relating to the terminology 'sinkholes', 'karst systems' and 'cenotes'. All coordinates were transformed into the Universal Transverse Mercator reference system (UTM) with datum WGS84. An infrared composite image was created with 432 RGB bands from the Landsat 8 satellite. The points with the location of the cenotes were imported into the Software TerrSet. Results: Total 1026 coordinates of sinkholes were recorded in the Yucatan Peninsula. In 18 sinkholes (<2%), microorganisms have been recovered and identified in various taxonomic levels, and only 6 sinkholes (<0.6%) has their biotechnological potential been evaluated. Conclusions: The microorganisms that inhabit the sinkholes of the Yucatan Peninsula are a reservoir with practically unexplored biotechnological potential.

Objetivo: dar a conocer el estado de la información del consumo de antioxidantes sintéticos en alimentos ultraprocesados en México con base en los productos de la canasta básica. Metodología: se seleccionaron los alimentos disponibles, envasados o enlatados, que comprende la canasta básica mexicana de tiendas de conveniencia y misceláneas representativas de los 125 municipios del Estado de México. Se registró la información del contenido y concentración de los antioxidantes sintéticos (AS) butilhidroxianisol (BHA), butilhidroxitolueno (BHT) y terbutilhidroquinona (TBHQ), posteriormente los alimentos se clasificaron bajo el sistema NOVA. Resultados: se encontraron 53 productos alimenticios derivados de la canasta básica mexicana que son comercializados envasados o enlatados, el 71% menciona el tipo de antioxidante utilizado y solo el 18% la concentración. De acuerdo con la clasificación NOVA, más del 73% de los alimentos pertenecen a la clasificación cuatro de productos ultraprocesados, de los cuales solo once reportan el antioxidante sintético utilizado, ninguno menciona la concentración. Limitaciones: se carece de información del contenido y concentración del antioxidante utilizado en la etiqueta de información nutricional. Conclusiones: solo el 18% de los productos analizados informa la concentración del antioxidante sintético utilizado, consecuentemente la ingestión diaria admisible puede ser subestimada. Es necesario realizar más investigaciones sobre la exposición dietética a AS en los mexicanos.

RESUMEN D e acuerdo con las normas ASTM D 2395-02 y D 143-94, se determinó la contracción total y normal en dirección radial (CR), tangencial (CT) y volumétrica (CV) y el coeficiente CT/ CR total y normal de Acacia mangium Willd., Tectona grandis L. f. y Terminalia amazonia A. Chev, maderas provenientes de plantación. También se determinaron algunas propiedades físicas como peso específico básico (PEB), PE 12% y PE anhidro , densidad verde (DV) y normal (DN), punto de saturación de la fibra (PSF) y contenido de humedad (CH). Algunos criterios de clasificación, propuestos por otros investigadores, se aplicaron para categorizar la estabilidad dimensional y propiedades físicas de estas especies. Se encontró que la CR, CT, CV totales y CT total /CR total tienen diferencias significativas entre especies, al igual que las propiedades físicas PEB y PSF. El índice CT total /CR total indicó que T. grandis tiene mejor estabilidad dimensional. La relación lineal (R 2 = 0.7769) indicó que el PSF es un buen indicador de la magnitud de la CV total . Las especies de plantación de este estudio comparadas con las del bosque natural tienen estabilidad dimensional similar pero menor PEB. ABSTRACT Based on ASTM standards D 2395-02 and D 143-94, total and normal shrinkage in radial (RS), tangential (TS) and volumetric (VS) directions and the total and normal TS/RS ratio were determined in the plantation woods Acacia mangium Willd., Tectona grandis L.f. and Terminalia amazonia A. Chev. Also, physical properties such as basic specific gravity (BSG), SG 12% and SG ovendry , green density (GD) and normal density (ND), fiber saturation point (FSP) and moisture content (MC) were determined. Some classification criteria, proposed by other researchers, were used to categorize the dimensional stability and physical properties of these species. Significant differences were found among the species for total RS, TS, VS and TS total /RS total , as well as for the physical properties BSG and FSP. The TS total /RS total ratio indicated that T. grandis has better dimensional stability. The linear regression (R 2 = 0.7769) indicated that FSP is a good indicator of VS total magnitude. The plantation species of this study compared with those of the natural forest have similar dimensional stability but lower BSG.