In recent years, pollution of watercourses in nearby protected ecosystems has increased due to urbanization. Standard physiochemical methods and probes are one way to monitor watercourses for quality. However, they often do not provide the full ecological status of the body of water. In this work, we set out to assess the ecological water quality of an urban stream by using benthic macroinvertebrates as bioindicators. We conducted the work on the Orienco stream in Lago Agrio in the province of Sucumbíos in the Northern Ecuadorian Amazon (NEA). The stream has become a sink of raw domestic sanitary wastewater from rural and urban areas. A total of 4511 macroinvertebrates from 10 families were identified across 17 sampling points. We compared our results from the biotic indices derived from the macroinvertebrates to standard water‐quality parameters (temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, ammonia–nitrogen, and pH) simultaneously sampled in the stream. The standard parameter results indicated that the water‐quality levels of the stream met the Ecuadorian water‐quality criteria most of the time. However, the results from the biotic indices classified the stream water as poor or very poor water quality. The results from the Biological Monitoring Working Party, Average Score per Taxon, and Family Biotic Indices had overall scores of heavily polluted waters of 45, 4.5, and 8.74, respectively. Furthermore, these results were consistent with reduced richness and evenness, and overall lower Shannon diversity and relatively higher Simpson Dominance indices of 0.71 and 2.56, respectively. We conclude that the macroinvertebrates were better indicators of the ecological water quality of the Orienco stream than the water‐quality parameters from standard methods and probes alone. Our findings highlight the need for more integrated ecological assessments, which can provide critical information to the management and conservation strategies of urban watercourses in the NEA region. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:615–625. © 2022 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
La lluvia ácida es un fenómeno relacionado principalmente con la quema de combustibles fósiles, la cual libera a la atmósfera sustancias promotoras de ácidos, que con las precipitaciones retornan a la superficie afectando a los ecosistemas. El objetivo de esta investigación fue establecer un diagnóstico sobre lluvia ácida en la zona urbana de Nueva Loja. Se consideraron 23 sitios de muestreo para medir el pH y conductividad de las lluvias durante los meses de mayo y junio de 2019. La mayoría de los sitios estudiados presentaron lluvia ácida (pH < 5.60); la media del pH más baja fue 4.81 y la media más alta fue 6.45. La conductividad presentó valores muy variables, la media de la conductividad más baja fue 3.34 μS/cm y la media más alta fue 19.76 μS/cm. Se identificaron fuentes de emisión de gases precursores de lluvia ácida relacionadas con la explotación y transporte de petróleo dentro de la ciudad y sus alrededores. Finalmente, se estableció una línea base de datos con los sectores de mayor incidencia en lluvias ácidas representada en un mapa de isolíneas modeladas mediante el software ArcGIS Pro.
In order to evaluate changes related to plant physiology, infrared thermography has been chosen as a non-invasive complement. The research objective was to analyze the effect of deficit irrigation on Helianthus annuus L. plants in containers by means of IR thermography in a controlled experimental population at the University of Seville. The experiment consisted of three irrigation treatments to sunflower plants; one treatment received full irrigation (C-100) and two treatments received deficit irrigation: 70 % (R-70) and 50 % (R-50). A randomized block design was used. In the initial stage, polystyrene seedling trays of 54 cells (square) were used for the cultivation of sunflowers. The dimension of the trays was 700 x 400 x 70 mm. The cell size was 65 x 70 mm and the capacity was 135 cm3. For the development stage, plastic pots with a capacity of 4 L and a dimension of 21 x 16.4 cm were used. The sunflower plants used in this study did not exhibit significant differences in temperature and physiological analyses as a function of the irrigation treatment applied. However, there was a strong tendency for the plants to better resist water stress under a restrictive irrigation of 70%.
El tomate de árbol o tamarillo (Solanum betaceum Cav.) es una fruta de interés por sus excelentes cualidades sensoriales y nutritivas. En Ecuador, es una práctica común cocer el tomate de árbol antes de preparar jugos y salsas, lo que puede reducir o incrementar su capacidad antioxidante. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la capacidad antioxidante en frutos de tomate de árbol de las variedades anaranjado puntón y rojo mora que se cocieron en agua a ebullición por varios periodos de tiempo. La capacidad antioxidante se midió por el método ABTS y se expresó como actividad antioxidante equivalente a Trolox. En las dos variedades, la mayor capacidad antioxidante se obtuvo a los 10 minutos de cocción, con valores más altos en la variedad rojo mora. El análisis estadístico mostró que tanto la variedad de tomate de árbol como el tiempo de cocción fueron estadísticamente significativos (p < 0,05), mientras que la interacción no fue significativa (p > 0,05). La capacidad antioxidante más alta de la variedad rojo mora puede estar relacionada con la presencia de antocianinas en el mucílago que rodea las semillas, mientras que el incremento de la capacidad antioxidante en los frutos cocidos puede estar relacionado con el ablandamiento de los tejidos, lo que incrementa la biodisponibilidad de los antioxidantes.
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