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Official population consumption data are frequently used to characterize the diet of countries; however, this information may not always be representative of reality. This study analyses the food consumption of the Spanish population by reconstructing the whole food chain. The results have been compared with the data provided by the National Consumption Panel to which the food losses/waste reported in the literature along the distribution chain have been added. The difference between them allowed a new calculation of the estimated food consumption that was subjected to a dietary-nutritional analysis. Most of the foods were consumed more than those officially reported (range of 5–50%). The unhealthy ratios of consumed foods and recommended servings were: meat products (Rcr = 3.6), fruits and legumes (Rcr = 0.5), and nuts (Rcr = 0.14). Caloric intake surpasses needs. The results were consistent with the data on the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Spain, as well as with the prevalence of associated diseases. To make a judgment about the quality of a country’s diet, it is necessary to have reliable data on food consumption, as well as energy and nutrient intake. This study encourages other authors to implement this method to verify and quantify the possible difference between official and real consumption data.

El metabolismo social está resultando una herramienta integral para tanto analizar las transiciones históricas alimentarias, como las propuestas contestatarias al Sistema Agroalimentario Global en el que nos encontramos. No obstante, principalmente se han desarrollado trabajos desde una perspectiva biofísica e histórica, siendo necesario analizar las nuevas cadenas agroalimentarias conformadas por movimientos sociales alimentarios, tanto por su actualidad como por la necesidad de contribuir a mejorar su funcionamiento. En esta contribución se pretende formular una categorización de las distintas cadenas agroalimentarias (agro-)ecológicas que funcionan en la ciudad de Madrid, integrando para ello una visión sobre el trabajo colectivo a lo largo de la cadena corta, y como pilar fundamental de su estructura y mantenimiento a lo largo del tiempo.

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