Introducción. El trasplante de corazón heterotópico en ratas es usado en investigación experimental, particularmente en el estudio de la inmunosupresión. El objetivo del trabajo fue desarrollar un modelo de trasplante heterotópico de corazón en ratas. Material y Método. Se utilizaron ratas macho Lewis (Receptor) y Brown Norway (Donante) de 200 a 350 gr. Para el procuramiento, se realizó una incisión en mariposa del tórax y se instaló un clip metálico a la vena cava superior e inferior para infundir solución fisiológica con heparina, logrando detener los latidos cardíacos, y se seccionó la arteria pulmonar y la aorta. Las venas cavas y las pulmonares son ligadas en conjunto y seccionadas. En la rata receptora se identificó la aorta y vena cava abdominal y se instaló un clamp vascular atraumático tipo bulldog. Se realizó una anastomosis término lateral entre la aorta ascendente del donante y la aorta abdominal del receptor, y entre la arteria pulmonar del donante y la cava del receptor, con microsutura 10-0 continua. Se consideró un trasplante exitoso cuando el injerto estaba funcional por más de 24 horas, por palpación de latidos en el abdomen. Resultados. Se trasplantaron 80 ratas en total. La principal causa de pérdida del injerto fue el prolongado tiempo operatorio y la hemorragia postoperatoria. Se realizaron modificaciones en la técnica: Ligadura única de las venas cavas y de las venas pulmonares, venotomía elíptica y lateral, ligadura de un vaso paralelo a la aorta que evita una hemorragia letal y reposición de volumen postoperatorio. Discusión. Es un modelo reproducible. Modificaciones de la técnica permiten disminuir el tiempo de isquemia, permitiendo un aumento en la sobrevida del injerto.
Emphysematous cystitis is found in diabetic patients and in individuals with (Rev Med Chile 2015; 143: 387-390)
Intraperitoneal bladder rupture and laparoscopic repair: is this the new gold standard?Introduction: Nowadays laparoscopy is the new paradigm in many surgical treatments; however, its role in urological trauma is barely emerging. The aim of this article is to show a laparoscopic repair technique of an intraperitoneal bladder rupture secondary to a blunt abdominal trauma, its feasibility and safety. Case: We present a 28 year old man who consulted with 6 hours of hypogastric pain, absence of micturition and vesical globe, after alcoholic consumption. He presented high blood both creatinine and inflammatory parameters. A Foley catheter was installed, the pain increased progressively, with Blumberg sign and tachycardia. Looking back again, he told about a blow in the hypogastric region with full bladder. A non-contrasted CT of the pelvis showed the catheter's end into peritoneal cavity. A successfully three port laparoscopic repair was made using intracorporeal double layer suturing technique with poliglactin, an intraoperative cystoscopic check was performed. The patient was discharged at sixth day without complications.Discussion: Classically surgical treatment for intraperitoneal bladder rupture has been laparotomy with double layer closure of the lesion. However, there are no randomized control trials comparing this technique with other methods. Also, there is a lack of laparoscopic repair reports, probably due to most bladder ruptures are extraperitoneal (managed with non-surgical treatment) or associated with other organs injury (needing laparotomy). Although more evidence is needed, we believe that laparoscopic repair of intraperitoneal bladder rupture could be considered as an option in stable patients and without important associated injuries, achieving better cosmetic outcomes and faster recovering.
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