Background: The prevalence of childhood obesity is in creasingly worldwide. Abnormal glucose metabolism (ASM) including impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a common endocrine complication among overweight and obese children and adolescents. Few studies of AGM are available in Thailand.Objectives: The study aimed to establish the prevalence of AGM and identify associated complications among overweight and obese children and adolescents.Methods: Data of overweight and obese children and adolescents, aged 6 to 18 years, undergoing oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at phramongkutklao Hospital were reviewed retrospectively. Fasting blood sugar, Hemoglobin Ale (HbA1c). fasting insulin, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, aspartate transaminase and alanine aminotransferase were derived from fasting measurement. Homeostatic model assessment was calculated to represent the insulin resistance.Result: A total of 204 children and adolescents (122 males) were included. Mean age was 12.1 ± 2.6 years and percent weight for height was 168.8 ± 25.4% The overall prevalence of AGM was 20.6%, 1 % had T2DM, 0.5% had IFG, 36% had IGT and 1.5% had combined IFG/IGT. Among the AGM, IGT was the most frequent subtype representing 92.8% (39/42 cases) but only 2 cases of T2DM were diagnosed in our study. The AGM group had significantly higher FPG (p=0.034), HbA1c (p=0.006) and cholesterol levels (p=0.043) than those of the nonabnormal glucose metabolism (NGM) groupConclusion: Prevalences of AGM among overweight and obese children and adolescents were high. IGT was the most frequent group.

Background: Anemia is a major complication of pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD). Iron deficiency is one of the most common causes of anemia. Conventional markers of iron deficiency anemia, transferrin saturation (TSAT) and serum ferritin could be interfered with various factors. in CKD. Reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent (Ret-He) is useful for assessing iron status among these patients. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study enrolling children with CKD stage 3 and above was conducted between April and November 2021. Demographic information was also collected. Correlation of Ret-He, anemia indices and markers of iron status were analyzed. Results: Among 50 participants, we found moderate positive correlations between Hb and Ret-He (r=0.518; p <0.001), Hct and Ret-He (r=0.403; p=0.004), and MCHC and Ret-He (r=0.667; p<0.001); a modest negative correlation between RDW and Ret-He (r=-0.616; p<0.001) and strong correlations between MCV and Ret-He (r=0.747; p<0.001) including MCH and Ret-He (r=0.865; p<0.001). No correlations between TSAT and Ret-He, serum ferritin and Ret-He, TSAT and Hb, or TSAT and Hct were observed. In addition, weak negative correlations between serum ferritin and Hb (r=-0.307; p=0.032) and between serum ferritin and Hct (r=-0.305; p=0.033) were detected. The median RetHe was 28.42 ± 3.37 pg. Twenty-seven participants (54%) met the criteria for iron deficiency anemia (cut-off value <29 pg) of which 2 (4%) had absolute iron deficiency and 9 (18%) had functional iron deficiency defined by conventional markers. Conclusion: Ret-He is a relevant marker of iron status among pediatric patients with CKD and correlates well with anemia indices which could help identify more patients with iron deficiency.