Background: Vaginal discharge is a distressing commonplace gynecological condition seen in all age groups albeit from different causes. This study evaluates the outcome of cryotherapy on benign cervical lesions over a period of 2 years in a tertiary care centre. Efficacy of cryotherapy in making patient symptom free. Efficacy of cryocauterization in healing the cervical lesion.Methods: This is prospective observational study of 30 women of reproductive age group attending outpatient department for complaint of vaginal discharge. Cervical cytology was performed for all women and out of the women advised cryotherapy, those fitting inclusion criteria and consenting for study were enrolled. Their findings and investigations were noted. After they underwent cauterization, they were followed for period of 3 months. Findings, complications and level of satisfaction were noted down.Results: Healing of cervical lesion was complete in 96% women at the end of 12 weeks. There was 1 failure of therapy among sample size of 30. Satisfaction rate was high.Conclusions: Cervical cryocauterization is a cheap, effective and simple procedure for treatment of cervical lesions. There are few complications and patient satisfaction is high. It is an easily accessible and safe procedure and helps preserve fertility of women at the same time addressing the vaginal discharge.

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Background: In practical terms, women are considered near-miss cases when they survive conditions which threaten their life i.e. organ dysfunction. Despite advances in medical science and increased awareness of measures for safe childbirth, unacceptably high maternal morbidity and mortality continues to plague developing countries like India. Our’s being a tertiary care centre, draws a lot number of high-risk patients and referrals. By auditing these near miss cases, we aim to identify the causes, factors leading to near miss, to identify management gaps to prevent near misses and maternal death.Methods: Retro-prospective cross-sectional study done over one and a half year. Patients were included based on the inclusion criteria. A questionnaire was used to evaluate the prospective cases and the indoor case sheets were used for retrospective cases. After data entry in excel sheet, data analysis was done using SPSS 21. Results were tabulated.Results: High number of Near Miss cases with preeclampsia being the commonest. Lack of proper facilities at the periphery health centers was the most common cause for referrals. Level 1 and level 2 delays were found in most cases.Conclusions: Timely referral, with adequate treatment at the peripheral hospitals will majorly reduce Near miss. Hence, proper development and functioning of peripheral hospitals are needed.

Background: Domestic/intimate partner violence is not a mere household issue. It is a global phenomenon that occurs in all the countries and cuts across all strata, races and countries. Apart from being an issue of human/individual rights, it also has major health consequences. The main aim of this study is to stress the need of screening and detecting violence in antenatal women.Methods: This was a questionnaire based observational cross sectional study done at King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India over a span of one year. A total of 200 antenatal/postnatal patients seeking healthcare were enrolled after an informed consent with approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Percentages of various parameters were analysed. Test of significance was Chi square test and Odd’s ratio (p <0.05).Results: Prevalence of domestic/intimate partner violence in our study was 12.5% and 7% in the group with normal pregnancy outcome and 18% in group with adverse pregnancy outcome. It was found that violence was more prevalent in age group of 21 to 30 years, love marriages, nuclear families, lower educational level of partner, addiction in partner, unplanned pregnancies, lower economic conditions and families supporting dowry and gender bias and allowing freedom of choice and contraception.Conclusions: Need for routine screening for violence in women of reproductive age group with vulnerable subset of pregnant women. Creating awareness/sensitivity amongst healthcare professionals and to train them to identify and help these women.

Background: Health care providers are often insensitive to and unfamiliar with the needs of pregnant women with disability. Medical services are many times not tailored to the needs of the disabled. This study analyzes the impact of disabilities on pregnancy in women delivering in a tertiary care hospital in India.Methods: Prospective study of total of 50 pregnant women with various disabilities was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Mumbai, India. Each patient’s antepartum, intrapartum and postpartum course were noted. Patients were also interviewed with help of a structured questionnaire for difficulties accessing services, and impact on their daily life, pain.Results: Rate of cesarean deliveries due to pelvic problems, and complications like urinary tract infections which arise due to mobility issues were significantly higher in patients with physical disabilities. 30% participants found examination tables unsuitable and 20% found it difficult access toilets.  Over all patients were satisfied with skills of health workers.Conclusions: Healthcare facilities have to be equipped for receiving patients with disabilities and should train health workers in management of these clients. They require pre-conceptional counseling and planning.