*Objective: To suggest revisions to the Thai pharmacy competency standards and determine the perceptions of Thai pharmacy practitioners and faculty about the proposed pharmacy competency standards. Methods: The current competency standards were revised by brainstorming session with nine Thai pharmacy experts according to their perceptions of society's pharmacy needs. The revised standards were proposed and validated by 574 pharmacy practitioners and faculty members by using a written questionnaire. The respondents were classified based on their practice setting. Results: The revision of pharmacy competency standard proposed the integration and addition to current competencies. Of 830 distributed questionnaires, 574 completed questionnaires were received (69.2% response rate). The proposed new competency standards contained 7 domains and 46 competencies. The majority of the respondents were supportive of all 46 proposed competencies. The highest ranked domain was Domain 1 (Practice Pharmacy within Laws, Professional Standards, and Ethics). The second and third highest expectations of pharmacy graduates were Domain 4 (Provide pharmaceutical care) and Domain 3 (Communicate and disseminate knowledge effectively). Conclusion: The expectation for pharmacy graduates' competencies were high and respondents encouraged additional growth in multidisciplinary efforts to improve patient care.

Objective. To evaluate the curricula content of Thai pharmacy schools based on the Thai pharmacy competency standards. Methods. Course syllabi were collected from 11 pharmacy schools. A questionnaire was developed based on the Thai pharmacy competency standards. Course coordinators completed the questionnaire assessing the curricula content.

OBJECTIVES:To examine the unit cost of inpatient service department of special ward at Banphaeo Hospital that reformed to be Public Organization( the new model) in Thailand. METHODS: Cost analysis from provider's perspective. Cost center was divided by function and the support units in hospitals into three categories: (1)Patient service PS (2) Revenue producing cost center RPCC ; and (3) non revenue producing cost center NRPCC. Total direct costs were composed of labour costs, material costs and capital costs. Indirect costs were allocated by using direct distribution method. RESULTS: The total cost of private ward 4/2 was ␤17,278,303.45 . The total cost in private ward 4/2 consisted of labour cost was ␤3,739,743.60 , material cost was ␤1,242,991.36 Capital cost was ␤2,733,735.87 . The ratio of lobour cost: material cost: capital cost was 48.46: 16.11: 35.43 and ratio of indirect cost was 55.34. The unit cost of inpatient department private ward 4/2 was ␤16,239 per case ; routine service cost was ␤9,226 . 10 and medical care cost was ␤7,012.90 CONCLUSIONS: The results were useful in decision making for resource allocation. It can be used to facilitate comparison of different studies in various type of organization of hospital administration.

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The Archimedes Model is a carefully validated, clinically realistic, simulation model of diseases and health care. By using advanced methods of mathematics, computing, and data systems, the Model enables researchers and decision makers to make better informed decisions. The Archimedes Model includes a wide range of diseases/ conditions (diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, COPD, obesity, cancers) and detailed descriptions of health care delivery systems, interventions, tests, and treatments and patient and physician behaviors. The Model has been used by many organizations (e. g. goverments, pharmaceutical companies, insurance companies, disease organziations) accross the globe to help answer a wide variety of questions related to clinical trials, policy setting, performance measurement, and health economics and outcomes research. The Model has been adapted to a wide range of settings including US, . We will highlight a number of projects that were supported by EU and Japan, in which the Model was used to guide decision making around management of diabetes. We will also discuss the potential applications of adapting the Archimedes Model to other Asian countries (e. g. India or China) beyond Japan.