There are many studies based on self-reported menstrual cycle length, yet little is known about the validity of this measure. The authors used data collected in 1990 from 352 women born in Chicago, Illinois, aged 37-39 years. Women reported their usual cycle length and behavioral and reproductive characteristics at study enrollment and then completed daily menstrual diaries for up to 6 months. The authors compared this observed cycle length (geometric mean) with the reported length by using kappa coefficients. To assess systematic effects, they performed linear regression of the difference between reported and observed cycle length. Agreement between observed and reported cycle length was moderate. The crude overall kappa coefficient was 0.33; the kappa adjusted for within-woman sampling variability was 0.45 (95% confidence interval: 0.36, 0.55). On average, women overestimated their cycle length by 0.7 days (95% confidence interval: 0.3, 1.0). Reporting by sexually active women and women with a history of infertility was more accurate. Parity, body mass index, prior medical evaluation for irregular cycles, and exercise were all associated with systematic reporting differences. Studies that rely on self-reported cycle length could be prone to artifactual findings because of systematic covariate effects on reporting.

High doses of diethylstilbestrol did not lead to impairment of fertility or sexual function in adult men who had been exposed to the drug in utero.

We used data from the 1993 Italian Household Multipurpose Survey, based on a sample of 46,693 subjects ages 15 years or over, to analyze the relation between frequency of vegetable consumption and prevalence of 12 chronic diseases. We observed little association with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and allergy. There were inverse relations between vegetable consumption and myocardial infarction [odds ratio (OR) = 0.79 for the highest tertile], angina pectoris (OR = 0.89), chronic bronchitis (OR = 0.69), bronchial asthma (OR = 0.70), peptic ulcer (OR = 0.74), gallstones (OR = 0.92), liver cirrhosis (OR = 0.71), kidney stones (OR = 0.68), and arthritis (OR = 0.84). Adjustment for alcohol and tobacco use made little difference.

No abstract