Host defense peptides (HDPs) or antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are short cationic amphipathic peptides of divergent sequences, which are part of the innate immune system and produced by various types of cells and tissues. The predominant role of HDPs is to respond to and protect humans against infection and inflammation. Common human HDPs include defensins, cathelicidin, psoriasin, dermcidin, and ribonucleases, but these peptides may be dysregulated in the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). Current evidence suggests that the antimicrobial properties and immunomodulatory effects of HDPs are involved in AD pathogenesis, making HDPs research a promising area for predicting disease severity and developing novel treatments for AD. In this review, we describe a potential role for human HDPs in the development, exacerbation, and progression of AD and propose their potential therapeutic benefits.

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Cardiac complications following snake envenomation occur infrequently. Myocarditis, as a consequence of the toxic effect of the snake venom, is rare, and only a few cases have been reported. We present a case of an 84-year-old man who was envenomed by a cobra. In addition to respiratory failure due to neurotoxicity of the venom, cardiac abnormalities including elevated cardiac markers and abnormal electrocardiogram were found. The findings on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the diagnosis of acute myocarditis. The patient spontaneously recovered without any momentous events. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of myocarditis associated with cobra envenomation. Physicians should be familiar with potential life-threatening cardiac effects of these toxins.

Conclusions: Increased PI would probably lead to a greater a angle, which suggested that older patients with greater PI might have greater probability for femoral malposition. The distal femur anterior cortex and a angle might be useful index for sagittal alignment of femoral component in TKA. The patients with neutral-to-mild flexion of femoral component(0 a angle flexion3) would possibly gain a good clinical outcome.

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