Introduction The standard surgical treatment for symptomatic deviated septum is septoplasty. This is usually done conventionally using the headlight. However, in recent years the endoscopic method has emerged as an alternative technique. This study aims to compare results of conventional and endoscopic septoplasty Materials and Methods A study comprising of 44 patients, randomly divided in two groups, was undertaken to compare the efficacy of both the techniques. This study evaluated parameters like postoperative subjective improvement in symptoms, using the NOSE questionnaire, intra-operative blood loss, duration of surgery, post-operative pain and complications across the two groups. Further, cases were subgrouped according to the site of deviation as anterior, posterior or combined and the efficacy of these two methods for correcting different sites of deviation was assessed, using the same parameters. Results The endoscopic approach showed better overall clinical results, irrespective of the site of deviation. It was noted that correcting posterior deviations required shorter time and had lesser blood loss when operated using the endoscope whereas anterior deviations were dealt faster and had lesser bleeding by the conventional method. There was less pain and morbidity in the postoperative period in the endoscopic group as compared to conventional group. Discussion Historical perspective of the conventional and endoscopic septal surgery is mentioned. In review of literature on the four parameters of this study – Symptomatic improvement, intra-operative blood loss, post-operative pain and surgical complications, were compared with published reports. Conclusion Endoscopic septoplasty was found to have distinct advantages over the conventional method, more so for posterior septal deviations. It should be an option offered to all patients requiring septoplasty.

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Background Broken tooth fragments that get lodged post trauma in oral cavity lacerations should not go unnoticed during primary care of the patient. Tooth fragments can act as a biological foreign body. Unnoticed foreign bodies can give rise to granulomas, sepsis, and fistula formation. Aim This article stresses on the need for all primary contact medical staff and residents to pay additional attention on patients with a loose/broken tooth and a laceration. Early removal of tooth fragment is key to avoiding granuloma formation and thus the need to excise the surrounding tissue. Case presentation A 70-year-old female presented with a post traumatic upper lip swelling. A broken tooth fragment was studied on plain CT scan and removed under local anesthesia. A speedy restoration of normal anatomy was seen due to early diagnosis and removal. Conclusions Dental traumas, being the commonest maxillofacial injuries, have a significant impact on the physical, cosmetic, and emotional health of the patient. Careful assessment of a patient with history of trauma and a missing/broken tooth is mandatory.

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The purpose of this study was to study the association of anatomical variations as risk factors in affecting specific sinuses in cases of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> It is an observational study carried out from June 2018 to May 2019. 61 patients of CRS were included in this study. The diagnosis of CRS with or without nasal polyposis was made as per diagnostic guidelines of the task force on chronic rhinosinusitis. Each of them was assessed by nasal endoscopy and computed tomography (CT) imaging for diagnosis and evaluation of anatomical risk factors.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 61 patients of CRS were examined. Presence of various anatomical variants in relation to CRS were studied. We studied CT paranasal sinuses of the 61 patients, since each patient has 2 of each groups of sinuses, a total 122 group of sinuses are assessed in this study. On analyzing, we found, a significant association between deviated nasal septum (DNS) and maxillary sinusitis. Agger nasi cell and frontal and ethmoid (anterior and posterior) sinusitis, concha bullosa and maxillary sinusitis and over pneumatized ethmoid bulla and anterior and posterior ethmoid sinusitis. Other anatomical variants encountered, had no significant association with diseased sinuses (p value &gt;0.01).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The study showed that, there is a strong relationship between the presence of diseased sinus and some anatomical variants. It is suggested that besides anatomical variations, other clinical parameters should also be taken into account for the etiology of sinusitis.</p>