Background: Cerebral Palsy is a spacious term which highlights an extensive gamut of motor affliction which has a stagnant tendency. The estimated Cerebral Palsy is indeed very prevalent in developed nations 2 out of the next 1000 live births and neonatal survivors. Among several Cerebral Palsy comes in a variety of manifestations. Spastic Diplegia is common in a majority of Preterm babies. Several treatment strategies of Physical therapy are utilized for Spastic Diplegia. This research focusses on assessing the Efficiency of Pelvic Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) techniques over the Dimensions of Balance and Gait in children with Spastic Diplegia. Objective: To evaluate the Effectiveness and impact of the techniques of Pelvic Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) on Balance, Gait Parameters and Pelvic Asymmetry in children having Spastic Diplegia. Methods: In this Randomized Clinical Trial, subjects (n= 40) having Spastic Diplegia will be selected and segregated in two groups using simple random sampling method with 1:1 allocation ratio. The allocation will be done through sequentially numbered opaque sealed envelope (SNOSE). Subjects in the experimental group will receive Pelvic PNF techniques like Rhythmic initiation and Slow reversal with Task- Oriented training which will contain sit to stand exercises, walking on the ground and reaching tasks for improving the balance and those in the other group will be given only Task- Oriented training for 4 weeks following baseline assessments. Throughout the treatment session and following 4 weeks follow up will be taken by assessing the Balance and Gait parameters of the subjects. The study duration will.  be of 1 year. Subjects with Spastic Diplegia with an age group of 8 to 12 years  who are able to do independent sitting, who are coming under GMFCS level I to III and those who are having pelvic asymmetry will be included in the study while subjects who had any surgery of spine or lower limb in past 6 months, who are having fixed deformities of spine or lower limb or any fracture or dislocation of spine or lower limb will be excluded from the study.  Results: Results will be recorded by using the outcome measures and instruments such as Pediatric Balance Scale, Gait Parameters and Palpation meter device at the end of the intervention and the effects of Pelvic PNF techniques will be compared with the other group which will receive Task oriented training. The statistical analysis will be done by using paired t test but if the data does not follow a normal distribution then Wilcoxon sign rank test will be used.           Discussion: The intention and motive of the study is to check the Effectiveness of Pelvic Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation techniques on Balance and Gait Parameters in children with Spastic Diplegia. Conclusion: The conclusion of this research is to acquire the fruitfulness of Approaches of Pelvic PNF on Balance and Gait Parameters in children having Spastic Diplegia.

Background: One of the significant causes of morbidity worldwide and an essential contributor to disability is Stroke. As said by the National Stroke Association, nine post-stroke survivors out of 10 experience some degree of weakness post-stroke. The hemiplegic patients with sub-acute stroke, who will undergo training to both the lower limb overtraining to only involved side will have an improvement in balance and walking. The goal of this study is to see how much training to both the lower limb improves functional recovery in patients who have had a subacute stroke compared to unilateral, more insufficient limb training. Objective: The goal of this study was to see how training to both the lower limb overtraining to the hemiparetic lower limb on balance and walking in subacute stroke patients. Methods: A randomized clinical study with assessor blinding will be conducted with participants with subacute stroke (n=40). Participants will be randomized to one of two groups after performing baseline assessments: Group A or Group B.1st group will receive training only to the hemiparetic side, i.e., Motor Relearning Programme and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation, and 2nd group participants will receive bilateral training, i.e., Strengthening to the unaffected side along with Motor Relearning Programme and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation to the affected side. During the therapy period, we will assess lower limb function through static and dynamic balance, walking, and gait measures. Results: The purpose of the research is to look into the effect of training to both the lower limb overtraining to the hemiparetic lower limb on balance and walking in subacute stroke patients. The results of this study will be based on the outcome measures that are static and dynamic balance in the stroke patients and walking. Conclusion: The study's findings will shed more light on the benefits of training to both the lower limb overtraining to only involved side in patients post-stroke. If this trial proves successful, it will help post-stroke patients improve their balance and walking.

Introduction: Psychiatric issues, particularly depression and anxiety, have been observed in the proportions of patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery.Such findings provide a window of opportunity for integrating intervention, targeting psychological components into post-Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) patient management to provide effective care. The Buteyko Breathing Technique (BBT), which is named after its inventor Konstantin Pavlovich Buteyko, is one of the numerous breathing techniques that aims to regulate breathing. By alternating between periods of controlled breathing reduction and breath holding. Aim: To explore the effect of BBT as a psychological rehabilitation technique on anxiety, depression, and self-efficacy in postCABG subjects having anxiety and depression. Materials and Methods: This randomised clinical trial was performed at Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Unit, Acharya Vinobha Bhave Rural Hospital, Sawangi, Wardha, Maharashtra, India, from June 2021 to May 2022. Total 44 post CABG patients who all screened positive for anxiety and depression by General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were enrolled. They were randomly assigned using computed generated block randomisation. They were allocated using the Sequentially Numbered Opaque Sealed Envelope (SNOSE) method to group A Conventional group (n=22) and group B Experimental group (n=22). Both groups competed the in-hospital phase 1 cardiac rehabilitation as per American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehab (AACVPR) guidelines, whereas group B received additional BBT for psychosocial rehabilitation for 2 weeks post surgery. The evaluations were performed using the GAD-7 questionnaire, PHQ-9, General Self-Efficiency Scale (GSS), Breath Holding Test (BHT), and Borg Rate of Perceived Exertion Scale (RPE), at baseline on Post Operative Day (POD)1 and at their last rehabilitation session. Patients in both groups were given self management and education hand-outs at the time of discharge. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results: The mean age of patients in A-group was 59.72±7.84 years and in B-group 60.81±7.42 years, respectively. The age, gender, height, weight, and BMI of the patients were similar between the groups. On intra group comparison ,there was statistically significant difference observed for GAD-7, PHQ-9, GSS, BHT, and RPE in group A and group B following the intervention, but the change was more pronounced in group B. The results for the inter group comparison showed a significant difference in group B on Anxiety, Depression, self-efficacy, BHT, and RPE as compared to the group A, i.e. group B showed a larger improvement in outcome measure scores than group A. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that On intra group weeks of BBT along with phase 1 cardiac rehabilitation in post CABG patients brings favourable changes in levels of anxiety, depression and self-efficacy.

Muscular dystrophies (MDs) are a category of hereditary illnesses characterized by the gradual malfunction and/or weakening of the skeletal muscles. This disease of the muscles also results in hypotonia and joint contracture, along with raised serum creatine kinase (CK) levels. To prevent complications, continuous physiotherapy is advised for children with muscular dystrophy, which is even asked to perform at home as a home exercise program (HEP). As a result, the home exercise program (HEP) is critical in maintaining the optimal health of children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). The present coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has adversely affected these children as there was very little scope to get direct help from a physiotherapist. Meanwhile, the home program was continued by many to compensate for the direct benefit. However, because of the lack of specific guidelines and structured methodology to follow for a home program, there was a deterioration in the health status of many children. There is a need to understand how the children are getting affected and the way the home program can be refined to help needy children with muscular dystrophy. Our scoping review aims to identify the present home program patterns being followed for children with DMD and their scope for refinement. The data were collected from electronic databases including PubMed, ProQuest, Cochrane, and Web of Science. We searched four electronic databases until September 2021. We included the published case studies, observational and experimental studies that described the positive impact of home exercise programs, and the methodology they followed as an alternative to institution-based physiotherapy. One hundred thirty-eight titles were screened, and 58 met the inclusion criteria. Along with regular physiotherapy, the incorporation of HEP helped in early complication prevention in patients with muscular dystrophy. The HEP was found to be a successful adjunct in the COVID-19 scenario. This review presents different therapeutic measures that can be taken for the prevention of complications in patients with MD and how the HEP plays an important role in removing the gaps on how HEP is beneficial in the COVID-19 scenario and a scope to refine the present methodologies for more accurate management.

Traumatic nerve damage or compression neuropathy is the most common cause of unilateral weakness in an upper extremity. Rarely, a central nervous system lesion may cause syndromes that initially appear to indicate peripheral nerve injury. The most well known of these is pseudoperipheral hand palsy, which is typically brought on by a minor brain lesion in the contralateral motor cortex. The term "hand knob" refers to a restricted area in the posterior frontal lobe's precentral gyrus, a lesion that causes isolated weakness in the upper extremity that mimics injury to peripheral nerves. The majority of the time, an embolic infarction is the cause of this uncommon condition. We present a case of a 52-year-old female who presented to the medicine outpatient department with sudden onset of acute pure motor paresis of the right hand. She also complained of clumsiness in her hand and several episodes of generalized headache in the parieto-occipital region in the past two weeks. Following an initial evaluation by a physician, she was advised for MRI of the head and neck, which reported occlusion in the petrous part of the left internal carotid artery, and referred to physiotherapy for further management. She was assessed and a task-specific training protocol was made for the patient, which also included physiotherapy techniques like grip exercises, mirror therapy, and strengthening. There was an improvement in the patient within a few weeks that was evident with the outcome measures post-rehabilitation. This case study is really a good case not only in regards to peculiarities and clinical presentation but also in promoting rarely implementation of rehabilitation to get patients back to their previous functional status.