Background: To compare the onset of action, intensity and duration of motor block of 0.5% hyperbaric ropivacaine with 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine for elective lower abdominal, perineal and lower-limb surgeries.Methods: 70 patients undergoing elective lower abdominal, perineal and lower limb surgery receiving spinal anesthesia were divided randomly into two groups, Group B, (bupivacaine 5 mg/ml with glucose 80 mg/ml;4 ml, and Group R, (ropivacaine 5 mg/ml with glucose 80 mg/ml; 4 ml).Results: The results were analyzed and compared using Chi-square test, student ‘s t-test and Fisher’s exact tests. The onset of sensory block was more rapid with bupivacaine (p<0.05). The maximum cephalad spread was similar in both groups. However, the time required to maximum extent of cephalic spread was less in Group B (p<0.05). Motor block 3 according to modified bromage scale was obtained in both groups and the time to achieve the same was not significant. The duration of motor blockade i.e., time to complete regression of motor block was significantly greater with Group B than with Group R (0.0001). We found that there was no significant difference in the time taken to achieve grade 3 motor block but ropivacaine gave a lesser degree of motor block which regressed faster than bupivacaine (118 min versus 156 min; p<0.0001). There was no significant difference in hemodynamic parameters except that diastolic and mean pressures remained on lower side in group B (p<0.05).Conclusions: We conclude that 0.5% hyperbaric ropivacaine provides a sensory block of similar onset and extent, shorter duration of action and less frequency of hypotension as compared to 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine.

Background: Thrombocytopenia is a second leading cause of blood disorder in pregnancy after anaemia. It is defined as platelet count below 1,50,000/ul. It is a common condition occurring in approximately 7-10% of pregnancies. Gestational thrombocytopenia is physiological and occurs in 70-80% of population having platelet count of 1,30,000/ul-1,50,000/ul with no adverse consequences. Other causes of thrombocytopenia in pregnancy could be immune related like immune thrombocytopenia, thrombotic thrombocytopenia or pregnancy related disorders like hypertensive disorders, eclampsia, HELLP and fatty liver of pregnancy. Besides this, pregnant ladies can have thrombocytopenia associated with fever which is commonly observed in monsoon season. It could be because of various causes like dengue, malaria, leptospirosis or other viral infections. Thrombocytopenia carries a risk of haemorrhage for both mother as well as newborn. It carries a risk of vertical transmission leading to premature birth, neonatal thrombocytopenia, intracranial haemorrhage and foetal death. There is relatively less information regarding importance of diversity of infectious diseases on pregnancy outcome.Methods: 14 pregnant patients were studied on the basis of their history of fever, platelet count below 1,50,000/ul and any  history of haemorrhage or petechie during monsoon period from June to September 2019 admitted in gynaecological ward in HBTMC and Dr. R. N. Cooper Hospital, Mumbai. All patients were subjected to fever profile, repeated haemogram for platelet trend and medical reference was done.Results: Out of 14 patients, 9 patients had negative fever profile, 2 were dengue positive, 2 were widal positive and one was leptospira positive patient. All patients had platelet count less than 1,50,000/ul out of which 3 patients received platelet transfusion..Conclusions: Monsoon fever with thrombocytopenia requires early diagnosis and optimal treatment to reduce maternal mortality and to avoid adverse fetal outcome. There is a strong need to create awareness amongst the community.

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The Government Agency like Municipal Corporation must issue the notices to such buildings/ structures which are having age more than 30 years. Mostly the maintenance is ignored in many structures which may cause some severe problems. Health and performance of buildings also depends on the maintenance of structure which plays a great role. Thus, Structural Audit of such type of buildings is necessary and timely maintenance /repairs also important. This will lead to prolonged life of building and safety of occupants. It also emphasizes on different repairs and retrofitting measures to be used for buildings after structural audit. Structural Audit is an overall health (strength assessment) and performance checkup of a building. It analyzes the strength and then suggests repair and retrofitting for the building to improve the service life of the structure. Enhance the life of the building by suggesting some preventive repairs. An old building with more than 15 years should be selected for structural Audit. And then the test should be performed on structure. Keywords- Structural Audit, Strength assessment, NDT, UPV Test, Rebound Hammer Test