Purpose -Urethane Acrylate Oligomer with 100% solids was synthesised and characterised in order to study the application in electron beam curing with varying ratio of Trimethylol propane triacrylate (TMPTA). The purpose of this paper is to study effect of TMPTA addition on the crosslink density and different coating properties. Design/methodology/approach -Polyester polyol was synthesised by reacting single diacid, adipic acid (AA), with Pentaerythritol (PENTA) and 1,6-hexanediol (HD). Further, Urethane acrylate resin was synthesised by using Isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), hydroxy ethyl acrylate (HEA) and Polyester polyol. The polyester polyol and urethane acrylate oligomer were characterised by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR and GPC. Further, TMPTA was added as a crosslinker to the urethane acrylate oligomer and cured by electron beam radiation. The cured UA films having varying concentration of TMPTA were employed to evaluate thermal property, contact angle analysis, mechanical and chemical properties. Findings -The obtained results showed improvement in their chemical properties, mechanical properties, thermal properties and water contact angle at 20% of TMPTA iconcentration. The TMPTA also reduced the dose required for the curing.Research limitations/implications -The resin can be synthesised from different isocyanates as TDI, MDI and HMDI, etc. The study can also be done with different multi or mono functional monomers such as methacrylate, hexanediol diacrylate, ethylene glycol diacrylate, etc. Practical implications -The paper provides the better solution to reduce the cost of the electron beam radiation required for the curing. Social implications -The method presented in the paper could be very useful for controlling environmental pollution; as the conventional method of curing releases volatile organic compounds (VOC). Originality/value -In this paper, urethane acrylate and TMTPA cured with electron beam are shown to offer good coating properties. A high-solid urethane acrylate coating would find numerous industrial applications in surface coatings.

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSes) form the core of Industrial Control Systems (ICSes) and critical infrastructure. These systems use computers to control and monitor physical processes in many critical industries including aviation, industrial automation, transportation, communications, waste treatment, and power systems. Increasingly, these systems are connected with corporate networks and the Internet, making them susceptible to risks similar to traditional computing systems experiencing cyber-attacks on a conventional Information Technology (IT) network. Furthermore, recent attacks like the Stuxnet worm have demonstrated the weaknesses of CPS security, which has prompted increased effort to develop more effective security mechanisms. While this remains an important topic of research, often CPS security is not given much attention in undergraduate programs. There can be a significant disconnect between control system engineers with CPS engineering skills and network engineers with an IT background.This thesis describes hands-on courseware to help students bridge this gap. This courseware incorporates cyber-physical security concepts into effective learning modules that highlight real-world technical issues. A modular learning approach helps students understand CPS architectures and their vulnerabilities to cyber-attacks via experiential learning, and acquire practical skills through actively participating in the hands-on exercises. The ultimate goal of these lab modules is to show how an adversary would break into a conventional CPS system by exploiting various network protocols and security measures implemented in the system. A mock testbed environment is created using commercial-off-the-shelf hardware to address the unique aspects of a CPS, and serve as a cybersecurity trainer for students from control system or IT backgrounds. The modular nature of this courseware, which uses an economical and easily replicable hardware testbed, make this experience uniquely available as an adjunct to conventional embedded system, control system design, or cybersecurity courses. To assess the impact of this courseware, an evaluation survey is developed to measure the understanding of the unique aspects of CPS security addressed. These modules leverage the existing academic subjects, help students understand the sequence of steps taken by adversaries, and serve to bridge theory and practice. A Hands-on Modular Laboratory Environment to Foster Learning inControl System Security Pallavi Prafulla Deshmukh GENERAL AUDIENCE ABSTRACT Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSes) use computers to control and monitor physical processes in domains such as aviation, industrial automation, transportation, communication, water distribution, waste treatment, and power systems. These systems are increasingly connected with both private and public networks, making them susceptible to disruption or destruction by adversaries anywhere in the world. Stuxnet worm was a prime example of a sophisticated attack that managed to infiltrate and damage centrif...

In this research, an intelligent system is designed between the user and the database system which accepts natural language input and then converts it into an SQL query. The research focuses on incorporating complex queries along with simple queries irrespective of the database. The system accommodates aggregate functions, multiple conditions in WHERE clause, advanced clauses like ORDER BY, GROUP BY and HAVING. The system handles single sentence natural language inputs, which are with respect to selected database. The research currently concentrates on MySQL database system. The natural language statement goes through various stages of Natural Language Processing like morphological, lexical, syntactic and semantic analysis resulting in SQL query formation.

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