In this article our aim is to reveal an apparently paradoxical situation for normative sex/ gender patterns in relation to upbringing. The discussion focuses on to what extend women discharging from the cultural mandate of motherhood, and men meeting as fathers the process of day-to-day care, would raise the appearance of new models who travel with greater freedom and autonomy, beyond gender roles forced limits. In the first part, a review of specialized literature has provided us with the conceptual developments around women without offspring and/or free from it, as well as the construction of paternity by men who assume and claim their children's care and nurturance. In the second part, we show the results of our field work performed through in-depth interviews revealing the experiences of women and men from their standpoint as subjects declining motherhood and vindicating fatherhood respectively.
Este artículo abunda en el conocimiento de nuevas formas de parentalidad a través de los discursos y las prácticas vinculadas al ejercicio de la maternidad, la paternidad y otras figuras parentales significativas. En los últimos años, se constata un importante incremento de mujeres que rompen las expectativas de género respecto a la maternidad, mientras que entre los hombres crece la reivindicación del ejercicio de la paternidad. Esta paradoja contemporánea, mujeres que no responden al modelo hegemónico de procreación y padres que desean cuidar, trastoca las relaciones de género y produce nuevas realidades políticas y normativas. Para analizar esta situación nos adentramos en el fenómeno de ‘mujeres sin maternidad’, el cual ha adquirido una considerable visibilización a lo largo de los últimos años, y en el actual debate en torno a la ‘custodia compartida’ motivada principalmente por los padres que reclaman el ejercicio de la corresponsabilidad parental.
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