The study objective was to compare serum cortisol as an acute stress measure, chute exit velocity as a behavioral measure, and ADG as an indicator of performance and well-being after castration, dehorning, or concurrent castration/dehorning of calves when performed in parallel and in series. Intact male Holstein calves, 3 to 4 mo, underwent sham handling before 2 procedures performed in series separated by 2 to 3 wk. In Period 1, calves were either dehorned by amputation, surgically castrated, concurrently castrated/ dehorned, or served as nonsurgical controls (n = 10/treatment). In Period 2, calves that had been dehorned, castrated, or castrated/dehorned were then castrated, dehorned, or served as nonsurgical controls, respectively. Indicators of distress were measured after all procedures; ADG was assessed for 7 d after each procedure and over the 2 to 3 wk interim. Period 1 cortisol concentrations in dehorned calves were less than in castrated and castrated/dehorned calves at 120 min and from 50 to 240 min, respectively (P < 0.02). There was marginal evidence that cortisol concentrations were greater in castrated/dehorned than castrated calves at 60 min (P = 0.06). Period 2 cortisol concentrations were less in dehorned than castrated calves at 120 min (P = 0.005) but were greater from 360 to 480 min (P < 0.002). The Period 2 cortisol profile of control calves did not differ from the baseline obtained during sham handling, despite the intervening castration/dehorning in Period 1, suggesting that memory did not affect cortisol. The cortisol profile of castrated calves did not differ between periods except at 720 min, when Period 1 concentrations were greater than Period 2 (P = 0.02). Cortisol concentrations of calves dehorned in Period 2 were greater than those dehorned in Period 1 at 20 and 240 to 480 min (P < 0.05). In both periods, castrated calves exited the chute slower than dehorned calves (P < 0.05). The ADG did not differ between surgically treated calves in Period 1; in the interim, the ADG of castrated calves was greater than that of castrated/dehorned calves (difference ± SED, 1.4 ± 0.6 kg/d; P = 0.03), and in Period 2, the ADG of dehorned calves was less than castrated calves (1.8 ± 0.6 kg/d; P = 0.005). Our study supports both the common practice of concurrent castration/dehorning and the sequence of dehorning and castration. Delayed dehorning (vs. delayed castration) appeared to be more acutely stressful and more detrimental to ADG. ABSTRACT:The study objective was to compare serum cortisol as an acute stress measure, chute exit velocity as a behavioral measure, and ADG as an indicator of performance and well-being after castration, dehorning, or concurrent castration/dehorning of calves when performed in parallel and in series. Intact male Holstein calves, 3 to 4 mo, underwent sham handling before 2 procedures performed in series separated by 2 to 3 wk. In Period 1, calves were either dehorned by amputation, surgically castrated, concurrently castrated/ dehorned, or served as nonsurgical...

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nun auch wieder Wurzeln geschlagen-es ist am Rhein auch so schön-und so fahre ich ein wenig hin und her. In Leipzig gibt es für mich viel Arbeit mit dem Verlag, mit Lesungen, mit Rettung des Literaturinstitutes und Aufbau einer föderativen Literaturgesellschaft und es gibt Politik zu machen und zu helfen und zu raten. Ich schreibe auch wieder an einem Buch, das in Leipzig spielt. Zwei Geschichten, die ich geschrieben habe in der letzten Zeit, spielen schon wieder in Leipzig. Also, das ist mein Boden und mein Interesse und alles das ein Bündel von Notwendigkeiten, von politischen Einsichten, sentimentalen Wünschen und Erinnerungen. Das fügt sich so zusammen. Bosley: Und allgemein? Sehen Sie etwas am SED-Staat, das überlebenswert wäre? Loest: Ja, darüber haben wir dann lange diskutiert. Ich habe gesagt, es gibt vier Dinge: einmal 100 km auf der Autobahn, 0 Promille am Steuer-das kann ich leicht sagen, weil ich kein Autofahrer bin-, dann die Fristenregelung, und dann als viertes ein kleiner grüner Wegweiser, ein Straßenschild, daß man nach rechts abbiegen kann, wenn man das andere Verkehrsgeschehen nicht stört. Das sind die vier, von denen ich meinte, sie sollten bleiben. Mehr ist mir nicht eingefallen. Bosley: Das sagt eigentlich alles über ihre Haltung zum SED-Staat aus. Herzlichen Dank, Herr Loest. INTERVIEW MIT SIEGBERT (SIGGI) SCHEFKE Siegbert (Siggi) Schefke (b. 1959) lives in Berlin-Prenzlauer Berg. Schefke's photographs and videos of the 1989 demonstrations in Leipzig and Berlin have appeared throughout the Western media. At the beginning of his second visit to the United States and Canada in the spring of 1991, Schefke was interviewed about his oppositional activity and his views on dealing with the Stasi-past by Professor Pam Allen from the Department of German at Ohio State University.