The practice of inoculating forage legumes with rhizobia strains is widespread. It is assumed that the inoculated strain determines the performance of the symbiosis and nitrogen fixation rates. However, native-naturalized strains can be competitive, and actual nodule occupancy is often scarcely investigated. In consequence, failures in establishment, and low productivity attributed to poor performance of the inoculant may merely reflect the absence of the inoculated strain in the nodules. This study lays out a strategy followed for selecting a Rhizobium leguminosarum sv. trifolii strain for white clover ( Trifolium repens ) with competitive nodule occupancy. First, the competitiveness of native-naturalized rhizobia strains selected for their efficiency to fix N 2 in clover and tagged with gus A was evaluated in controlled conditions with different soils. Second, three of these experimental strains with superior nodule occupancy plus the currently recommended commercial inoculant, an introduced strain, were tested in the field in 2 years and at two sites. Plant establishment, herbage productivity, fixation of atmospheric N 2 ( 15 N natural abundance), and nodule occupancy (ERIC-PCR genomic fingerprinting) were measured. In both years and sites, nodule occupancy of the native-naturalized experimental strains was either higher or similar to that of the commercial inoculant in both primary and secondary roots. The difference was even greater in stolon roots nodules, where nodule occupancy of the native-naturalized experimental strains was at least five times greater. The amount of N fixed per unit plant mass was consistently higher with native-naturalized experimental strains, although the proportion of N derived from atmospheric fixation was similar for all strains. Plant establishment and herbage production, as well as clover contribution in oversown native grasslands, were either similar or higher in white clover inoculated with the native-naturalized experimental strains. These results support the use of our implemented strategy for developing a competitive inoculant from native-naturalized strains.

Este artículo fue aprobado para publicación en el v68n4 de la Revista de la Facultad de Medicina teniendo en cuenta los conceptos de los pares evaluadores y los cambios realizados por los autores según estos conceptos. Por lo tanto, se publica la versión preliminar del artículo para su consulta y citación provisional, pero debe aclararse que esta puede diferir del documento final, ya que no ha completado las etapas finales del proceso editorial (corrección de estilo, traducción y diagramación) y solo los títulos, datos de autores, palabras clave y resúmenes corresponden a la versión final del artículo.Esta versión puede consultarse, descargarse y citarse según se indique a continuación, pero debe recordarse que el documento final (PDF, HTML y XML) puede ser diferente. Cómo citar:Morrison R, Paz-Díaz C, Gutiérrez P, Frías C, Espinosa A, Soto, et al. [Efectos de la meditación activa en indicadores físicos y psicoemocionales de estrés en estudiantes universitarios en Chile. Un estudio piloto]. Rev. AbstractIn press publication Rev. Fac. Med.

This paper describes and evaluates the mortality associated with the potential stressor effect induced by application of artificial photoperiods in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). After application of artificial photoperiods, high mortalities of trout subjected to this management were recorded (36% in LD 14:10 and 25% in LD 24:0) as compared to controls (7%). The recorded signology related to diseased trout included darkening, lethargy and erratic swimming. Among the morphological changes, skin lesions and ulcerative-type necrosis could be observed. Blood tests, histopathology and isolation of pathogens identified as Flavobacterium psychrophilum, associated with Aeromonas, Pseudomonas and Saprolegnia sp., were performed. The application of artificial photoperiods suggests that fish may be more susceptible to opportunistic diseases; thus, it is advisable to emphasize preventive measures in fish subjected to this management.

Context. Meditation incorporation helps to fight against disorders such as depression, stress, and anxiety. Specifically, few studies have studied Osho’s Active Meditation on young people, but observed evidence using passive meditation shows that it could improve stress well-management, emotional control, and other mental unhealthy conditions. Goal. The present study pointed to evaluate the results of an occupational therapy program centered on active meditation on hair cortisol concentration in a sample of undergraduate healthcare students. Methods. Undergraduate students from the University of Chile’s health careers were divided at random into control ( n = 7 ) and treated groups ( n = 15 ). The treated group participated in an active meditation program once a week for three months. This treatment included different techniques such as Chakra Sounds, Nataraj, Mandala, Kundalini, Devavani, Gourishankar, and Nadabrahma. Hair samples were taken before and after the treatment period to measure cortisol. Results. The control group increased cortisol level 168.9 ± 76.8  pg/mg compared with initial levels. The treated group shows a decrease of initial cortisol values in 28.5 ± 12.8  pg/mg after meditation protocol application. Conclusions. Blending active meditation in students’ daily routine through occupational therapy intervention might prevent undergraduate students’ stress in healthcare careers.

diseño de un modelo de asistencia personal breve para personas con discapacidad intelectual en chile a. minoletti, p. gutiérrez, m.ª j. poblete, b. lópez, j. bustos, c. muñoz y e. encina Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca / CC BY-NC-ND Siglo Cero, vol. 51 (2), 2020, abril-junio, pp. 99-117-100-social y a una mejora de la calidad de vida. Mediante revisión de la literatura y un análisis con expertos profesionales, expertos por experiencia y potenciales usuarios, se elaboró un modelo breve de asistencia personal para ser ejecutado por agentes comunitarios con supervisión profesional. El modelo considera actividades en los espacios habituales de las personas y sus familias, con apoyo para el uso de recursos formales e informales de la comunidad y el refuerzo de redes de apoyo que continúen operando una vez que termine la intervención. Con una duración de 9 meses, el modelo se desarrolla mediante un proceso de 3 etapas: 1) establecimiento de vínculo y elaboración de un plan individualizado, 2) implementación del plan y 3) refuerzo de los aprendizajes de los participantes y traspaso a redes de apoyo. Se discute la factibilidad de la aplicación del modelo en países latinoamericanos y la necesidad de realizar estudios que evalúen su implementación.