The Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale (LEAS) is based on a new cognitive-developmental model of emotional experience. The scale poses evocative interpersonal situations and elicits descriptions of the emotional responses of self and others which are scored using specific structural criteria. Forty undergraduates (20 of each sex) were tested. Interrater reliability and intratest homogeneity of the LEAS were strong. The LEAS was significantly correlated with two measures of maturity: the Washington University Sentence Completion Test (SCT) of Ego Development, and the Parental Descriptions Scale-a cognitive-developmental measure of object representation. In addition, the LEAS correlated positively with openness to experience and emotional range but not with measures of specific emotions, repression or the number of words used in the LEAS responses. These findings suggest that it is the level of emotion, not the specific quality of emotion, that is tapped by the LEAS.

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH refers, in the broadest sense, to research that produces descriptive data: people's own written or spoken words and observable behavior. Qualitative methods are rooted, and have a long history. in the social and behavioral sciences. Franz Boas and Jacob Malinowski can be credited with establishing fieldwork as a legitimate anthropological endeavor, beginning lust after the turn of the twentieth century. In socio1o::y. qualitative methods first became popular in the studies of the Chicago school from approximately 1910 to 1940. During this period, researchers associated with the University of Chicago produced detailed participant observation studies of urban life: rich life histories of' juvenile delinquents and criminals, and a classic study by W. I. Thomas and Florian Znaniecki (The Polish Peasant in Europe and America, New York. 1927) of the life of immigrants and their families in Poland and Am'erica based on personal documents. Qualitative methods have been used in psychology as well. although to ii much more limited extent, for example, Gordon W. Allport's Use of Personal Documents in Psychological Sciences (New York, 1942) and Robert Coles's Children OJ Crisis (Boston, 1964). [See the biography o. / Boas.] Interest in qualitative methodology waned toward the end of the 1940s and beginning of the 1950s with the evolution of grand theories and quantitative methods. With the exception of William Foote Whyte's Street Corner Society (Boston, 1943). few qualitative studies were taught and read in social science departments during this era.Since the 1960,s there has been a reemergence in the use of qualitative methods. So many powerful, insightful. and influential studies have been published 489

No abstract

This paper describes a novel force acquisition system capable of measuring the force profiles of high-energy short-duration impacts. This force acquisition system was used to test dynamically a cricket leg guard and to create a contour map of the peak transmitted forces across the garment's surface. The cricket leg guard was found to provide most protection in the central shin and knee regions, areas most likely to be impacted normally and so to receive the highest-energy impacts. The use of this system will enable a dynamic test procedure to be developed to mimic impact conditions encountered during a game, allowing optimization of cricket pad designs for specific impacts.

No abstract