A series of soluble conjugated ligands TT, FT, PT, and NT that contained terpyridyl terminal units were synthesized by Heck coupling. These ligands absorbed at 341–434 nm and emitted blue–green light, with maximum at 440–522 nm and photoluminescence quantum yields of 0.15–0.71 in solution. The double‐layer electroluminescent devices with the configuration of ITO/PEDOT/ligand FT, PT, or NT/Ca/Al exhibited a brightness of 43–63 cd/m2. These ligands were further reacted with zinc(II) and ruthenium(II) ions and subsequent anion exchange to afford linear and supramolecular complexes. The photophysics of these complexes were investigated. A significant redshift of the emission maximum of the Zn complexes relative to the corresponding ligands was observed. The Ru complexes were used to fabricate photovoltaic devices with the structure ITO/PEDOT/Ru complex/P3HT:PCBM (1:1 wt/wt)/Ca/Al. The power conversion efficiency of these polymer–fullerene bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices was up to 0.71%. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 7702–7712, 2008

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Two new soluble alternating carbazolevinylene-based polymers POXD and PTPA as well as the corresponding model compounds MOXD and MTPA were synthesized by Heck coupling. POXD and MOXD contained 2,5-diphenyloxadiazole segments, while PTPA and MTPA contained triphenylamine segments. All samples displayed high thermal stability. The polymers had higher glass transition temperature (T g ) than their corresponding model compounds. The samples showed absorption maximum at 364-403 nm with optical band gap of 2.62-2.82 eV. They emitted bluegreen light with photoluminescence (PL) emission maximum at 450-501 nm and PL quantum yields in THF solution of 0.15-0.36. The absorption and the PL emission maxima of PTPA and MTPA were blue-shifted as compared to those of POXD and MOXD. The electroluminescence (EL) spectra of multilayered devices made using four materials exhibited bluish green emissions, which is well consistent with PL spectra. The EL devices made using poly(vinyl carbazole) doped with MOXD and MTPA as emitting materials showed luminances of 12.1 and 4.8 cd m À2 . POXD and PTPA exhibited 25.4, and 96.3 cd m À2 , respectively. The polymer containing the corresponding molecules in the repeating group showed much higher device performances. Additionally, POXD and MOXD exhibited better stability of external quantum efficiency (EQE) and luminous efficiency with current density resulting from enhancing the electron transporting properties. V V C 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 5592-5603, 2008 a Corresponding current density (mA/cm 2 ).5600 VELLIS ET AL.

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Four new conjugated alternating vinylenecopolymers, PAP6, PAT, PA, and TAT, incorporating anthracene rings along the backbone were synthesized by Heck coupling. They were very soluble in common organic solvents and absorbed at the range of 300-500 nm with optical band gaps of 2.38-2.47 eV. They behaved in solution as green emitters, with maximum photoluminescence at 455-518 nm. Finally, these soluble copolymers were used as donor material to realize bulk heterojunction solar cell with (6,6)-C 61 -butyric acid methyl ester as the acceptor. More efficient photovoltaic cells were obtained from the copolymer that carried hexyloxy than dodecyloxy side groups.