Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are wireless infrastructure-less network consisting collection of autonomous nodes that communicate with each other in decentralized manner. Security remains major challenge due to its some unique characteristics like open medium, mobility and hence topology changes. Therefore, routing protocol for MANETs is much vulnerable to attacks. Black Hole is a type of attack, where malicious node falsely advertises itself having the shortest or optimal path to the destination node. This attack is more dangerous while a group of nodes are cooperating with each other. The objective of this paper is to design cluster based routing protocol and prevent it from the black hole attack. The simulation results show improvement in packet delivery ratio and control overhead.

Abstract-Mobile ad hoc network (MANETs) is a type of wireless network and that are organized without any predefined infrastructure and centralized administration such as base station or access points. Generally, MANETs nodes can communicate directly if they are in each other transmission range; else the relay nodes are forward the packets to receivers in a multi-hop fashion. Due to some nature of ad hoc networks characteristics such as open medium, infrastructureless and dynamic topology, providing security is particularly difficult than other networks. Black Hole attack is one of the major attack and this detection and prevention is still considered as a challenging task in ad hoc networks. The objective of this paper is to measure black hole attack impacts on AODV routing protocol through clustering approach in MANETs. The performance results of the proposed approach compared with AODV to prove the better performance in terms of delivery ratio, throughput and control overhead.Keywords-MANETs, Routing, Security, AODV, Black Hole Attack I. INTRODUCTION MANET is a decentralized network where the nodes are dynamically changing their topology rapidly and unpredictably [1]. Hence, nodes can leave and join the network at any time [2]. Routing defines exchanging information from one location to the other locations of the network and it can be broadly classified under the routing information update mechanism (routing scheme) such as Table-Driven(Proactive) and OnDemand(Reactive)Approach and route construction mechanism such as Tree and Mesh [3]. Based on this classification several routing protocols such as AODV,DSDV,DSR and CBRB were proposed by IETF for mobile ad hoc networks [4]. In which Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) is a reactive routing protocol and combine the use of DSDV and DSR. It discovers route only when there is demand from mobile node [5]. Security is a primary concern for all kind of networks. However, MANETs are much attentive against vulnerability because of its non-trivial challenges such as lack of fixed infrastructure, dynamic topology, link variation and energy constraints [6]. So, each and every node in the network has to prepare for attacks at any point of time. And also as there is no central based controlling identity for the participating nodes; the attacks are much easier to launch in MANET. Black hole Attack [7] is Denial of Service (DoS) attacks where the malicious nodes introduce itself having the shortest path to reach the destination node. Instead of sending the packets to next node on routing path it drops all or partial packets to affect the delivery ratio [8]. A. GoalIn this paper, simulation-based study to be conducted to prove the effect of black hole attack on AODV routing protocol through clustering approach in MANETs. The main reason is to judge the black hole attack is that the DoS. Malicious node detection is done at two levels: Using cluster heads and Using check points to show how the black hole attack affects the network performance. B. Reading RoadmapThis paper st...

A mobile ad hoc network (MANETs) is a self-organizing system of mobile nodes that communicate with each other via wireless links with no fixed infrastructure or centralized administration such as base station or access points. MANETs nodes can communicate directly if they are in each other transmission range; else the relay nodes are forwarding the packets to neighbors or receivers. This connectivity between multiple nodes is furnished by network layer. Due to the MANETs open wireless medium security is one of the indispensable roles to resist attacks such as Rushing, Black Hole, and Worm Hole etc. Among these Black Hole attack is one of the major attack and this detection and prevention is still considered as a challenging task in ad hoc networks. Therefore this paper exposes a study of Black Hole attack and its various prevention techniques that are explored recently.