BACKGROUND: Exercise tolerance is one of the main impacts of COPD. COPD patients often experience dyspnea and fatigue after doing daily activities using their limb parts, even in simple thing such as lifting or grooming. Nowadays, many pulmonologists concerned in pulmonary rehabilitation to modify some limb training with breathing manoeuvre to get positive impact in stable COPD patient. AIM: The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of this modified upper limb training in lung function, functional capacity, dyspnea scale, and quality of life in patients with stable COPD. METHOD: This was a quasi-experimental study held in 2017 on 22 stable COPD patients (based on GOLD 2018 criteria). Patients were given modified upper limb training with breathing manoeuvre that leads and monitored by a physiotherapist and physician in 10-20 minutes twice a week for 8 weeks. Before and after completed all sessions of training, we measured pulmonary functions test include FEV1 and FVC, functional capacity by 6 MWT, dyspnea scale by mMRC, and quality of life by CAT assessment. Statistical analysis was performed by Wilcoxon and paired t-test. RESULTS: There was an improvement of lung function, both FEV1 (40.7 ± 13.8 to 47.3 ± 14.2; p-value 0.001) and FVC (50.7 ± 14.1 to 54.1 ± 14.7; p-value: 0.207) after training. There was a significant change of functional capacity in 6 MWT mean (277.3 ± 80.8 to 319.1 ± 78.3; p-value: 0.001). There was an improved quality of life after training, measured by decreasing in CAT score (23.9 ± 5.5 to 18.3 ± 5.2; p-value: 0.000). There was no significant change in the mMRC scale (p-value: 0.429) CONCLUSION: There was an improvement of lung function, functional capacity, and quality of life in stable COPD after upper limb training with breathing manoeuvre in stable COPD patients.

BACKGROUND:Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exhibit persistent dyspnea in daily activities and irreversible airflow obstruction. These will finally lead to an inability to carry on daily activities and markedly decrease their quality of life. Endurance training was considered as therapy modality to alleviate several symptoms experienced by COPD patients.AIM:This study aims to identify the impact of lower-limb exercise on dyspnea and spirometry test results in COPD patients.METHODS:We performed a quasi-experimental study in July 2017 on 20 stable COPD patients divided both in group C and D according to GOLD 2017 criteria. Patients were given an individualised dose of stationary cycling twice a week for one month in which every session lasted 5-20 minutes gradually. Before and after rehabilitation program, pulmonary function tests were measured by spirometry to obtain per cent predicted of Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1), Forced Volume Capacity (FVC), Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) and Forced Expiratory Flow at 25-75% of the pulmonary volume (FEF25-75), and dyspnea was measured by the mMRC index. Statistical analysis was performed by Wilcoxon and T-dependent test.RESULTS:Baseline value of FVC (49.6 ± 21.6%) increased significantly to 59.65 ± 16.53% after one month of endurance training program (p = 0.01). Surprisingly, there was also a significant increase in FEV1 value from 46.9 ± 21.7 to 52.9 ± 20.7% (p < 0.005). The increase of FVC and FEV1 in group C was slightly higher than in group D although not statistically significant (p = 0.29; p = 0.25 respectively). However, no difference was observed in PEF and FEF25-75 value (p > 0.05). Patients’ dyspnea scale also showed significant improvement (p < 0.001) from mMRC median scale 2 (range 1-3) to 1 (range 0-2) in both groups C and D. There was no exacerbation found during rehabilitation program.CONCLUSION:Twice a week lower-limb endurance training for one-month improved dyspnea and pulmonary function test results in COPD patients safely and effectively.

AIM: The aim of this study is to determine the impact of short-term combination of upper and lower limb training on lung functions, functional capacity, and quality of life in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS: This quasi-experimental study held in 2017 and included 20 participants diagnosed with COPD (forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced volume capacity [FEV1/FVC] ≤70%). Combination of limb training with pursed-lip breathing held twice a week for 8 weeks. Lung functions, functional capacity, dyspnea scale, and quality of life were measured before, 1 month, and 2 months after training. RESULTS: In this study, there was a significant improvement of FVC after 2 months after training (p-value: 0.04), but not in FEV1. There was a significant improvement of CAT (p-value: 0.00) and modified medical research council (p-value: 0.04) after 1 month of training. There was a significant improvement of 6-min walking test mean after 2 months of training (p-value: 0.00). CONCLUSIONS: Short-term combination of limb training and pursed-lip breathing impacted positively on FVC, functional capacity, dyspnea scale, and quality of life in patients with COPD, but not in FEV1.

Introduction: The objectives of study are to study and to evaluate the benefits and effectiveness of home-based pulmonary rehabilitation in compliance with Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2020 nonpharmacological initiative for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Material and Methods: This study was a quasi-experiment conducted from August to November 2020 involving 10 COPD stable patients. In the first meeting at the hospital, patients were taught breathing techniques and upper-limb exercise movements which subsequently had to be done and recorded at home. Patients then sent the videos to the research team via whatsapp to be evaluated. Prior to starting the 4-week with twice-a-week frequency home-based rehabilitation, and again at the end of it, patients’ conditions were evaluated based on the following factors: lung functional capacity was measured by 6MWD (6 Minutes Walking Distance), Perceived Exertion Scale by mMRC (modified Medical Research Council) and Borg, the quality of life by SGRQ (St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire) index, the severity of symptoms by CAT (COPD Assessment Test) and changes in muscle mass. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Wilcoxon and paired t-test. Results: After 4 weeks of home training with twice-a-week frequency, the results showed significant improvement, with p-value < 0.05, in the increased 6MWD value (16.4 ± 4.45 to 19.8 ± 3.64), mMRC (1.90 ± 1.10 to 0.90 ± 0.87), Borg (3.05 ± 1.53 to 1.40 ± 1.42), CAT (15.7 ± 6.63 to 11.8 ± 5.24) and muscle mass (28.36 ± 2.89 to 31.86 ± 3.97). Conclusion: The method produced positive outcomes in patients’ lung function capacity, severity of symptoms, exertion scale, muscle mass, and general quality of life. Accordingly, the home-based rehabilitation programme was as effective as the programme conducted at health-care centers.

Background: Smoking is the leading cause of death in worldwide and is known as one of the risk factors in the development and pathogenesis of several diseases and most are respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure is associated with negative health consequences including respiratory tract infection, asthma, and cancer. One of the pathogenesis that has known to cause these diseases is inflammation. Garlic (Allium sativum) is a medicinal herb that contains  Allicin and other active constituents that are known to have anti-inflammatory ability by suppressing the expression and production of proinflammatory cytokines that will cause inflammation. Objective: The aim of this study is; to analyze the anti-inflammatory action of Allium sativum ethanol extract to prevent lung damage in the smoker rat model. Methods: This is a case-control study with five groups of rats each group contains of three rats. The five groups were negative control (KN), 10 days (10d) smoker (K1), 20 days (20d) smoker (K2), 20d smoker treated with Allium sativum for 10 days (K3) and 20d smoker treated with Allium sativum for 20 days (K4). After 20 days all animals were sacrificed and histological preparation of lung organs was observed under a microscope with 100 dan 400 times magnification and then captured by photomicrograph for analyzed. Results: There were improvements in lung structure both in group K3 and K4 . there was a decrease of leucocytes and inflammatory cells infiltration that covered almost all alveolar surface to 10-20% surface area and the dilated alveoli decrease from more than 50% to less than 30% area. The bronchus was clean in both two groups compared to the groups that were not treated with Allium sativum Conclusion: This study shows that Allium sativum ethanol extract has the ability to prevent lung damage in the smoker rat model.