Industrial Revolution Era 4.0 has brought disruption phenomena in various fields of life. The characteristics of the younger generation also experienced a shift, especially those that occurred in the millennial generation (gen Y) and generation Z. This condition encouraged schools as formal educational institutions to organize learning processes that can answer global challenges. Innovations in the learning process must be done continuously, one of them through the development of multiple intelligences and the involvement of learning technology elements. The development of multiple intelligences in the learning process requires the creativity of the teacher in selecting and determining the right models and learning strategies. The assessment instrument is not only directed at measuring cognitive aspects but also covers all aspects of competency as required by students. Learning patterns based on the development of multiple intelligences will be more effective if done by raising issues and real problems. Through an inquiry project, students will be actively involved in various forms of learning activities to make it an opportunity to bring up multiple types of abilities. The learning process, based on the development of multiple intelligences, is expected to be able to develop student competencies as a whole. The final result is the formation of adaptive individuals who are able to compete in the industrial revolution 4.0 era without having to leave their local culture.Era Revolusi Industri 4.0 telah membawa dampak fenomena disrupsi di berbagai bidang kehidupan. Karakteristik generasi muda juga mengalami pergeseran, terutama yang terjadi pada generasi milenial (gen Y) dan generasi Z. Kondisi ini mendorong sekolah sebagai lembaga pendidikan formal untuk menyelenggarakan proses pembelajaran yang mampu menjawab tantangan global. Inovasi dalam proses pembelajaran harus terus dilakukan salah satunya melalui pengembangan kecerdasan majemuk (multiple intelligences) serta pelibatan unsur teknologi pembelajaran. Pengembangan kecerdasan majemuk di dalam proses pembelajaran membutuhkan kreativitas dari para guru dalam memilih dan menetapkan model maupun strategi pembelajaran yang tepat. Instrumen penilaian juga tidak hanya diarahkan pada pengukuran aspek kognitif saja melainkan mencakup keseluruhan aspek kompetensi sebagaimana yang dibutuhkan peserta didik. Pola pembelajaran berbasis pengembangan kecerdasan majemuk akan lebih efektif jika dilakukan dengan mengangkat isyu-isyu maupun permasalahan nyata. Melalui proyek penyelidikan, peserta didik akan terlibat aktif di berbagai bentuk kegiatan belajar sehingga menjadikannya berkesempatan untuk memunculkan berbagai bentuk kemampuan. Proses pembelajaran berbasis pengembangan kecerdasan majemuk diharapkan mampu menumbuhkembangkan kompetensi peserta didik secara menyeluruh. Hasil akhirnya adalah terbentuknya individu-individu adaptif yang mampu bersaing di era revolusi industri 4.0 tanpa harus meninggalkan kultur lokalnya.
Sekolah memegang peranan penting dalam hal memberdayakan peserta didik sesuai dengan kebutuhan masyarakat. Penyiapan lingkungan pembelajaran yang tepat berdampak pada situasi pembelajaran. Pembelajaran bermakna menjadikan peserta didik akan lebih mudah dalam mempelajari beragam jenis kemampuan baik pada ranah afektif, kognitif, maupun psikomotorik. Ketercapaian prestasi belajar peserta didik yang optimal secara tidak langsung akan meningkatkan fungsi dan peran sekolah dalam menjalankan tugas dan tanggungjawabnya terhadap masyarakat. Guru memiliki keleluasaan dalam menetapkan paradigma pembelajaran dengan tetap mengacu pada kurikulum. Salah satu paradigma pembelajaran yang dapat diterapkan adalah melalui implementasi teori kognitif sosial Bandura. Terdapat tiga komponen yang menjadi fokus perhatian, yaitu: (1) lingkungan yang memberi stimulus; (2) proses kognitif dalam diri peserta didik; serta (3) modifikasi perilaku. Implementasi teori kognitif sosial bandura dapat dilakukan dengan beberapa cara, yaitu: (1) penyiapan profil kepemimpinan guru sebagai model; (2) penyerapan kultur lokal sebagai basis perilaku model; (3) penciptaan iklim pembelajaran kolaboratif; (4) penguatan self-efficacy, serta (5) penguatan karakter melalui habituasi. Inti dari teori kognitif sosial Bandura adalah penyediaan sumber-sumber perilaku model baik oleh guru maupun peserta didik.
Proses pembelajaran sains di era 4.0 bagi generasi Y dan Z membutuhkan perhatian khusus mengingat kedua generasi ini memiliki karakteristik yang relatif berbeda dengan generasi sebelumnya. Kedua generasi ini memiliki kehidupan yang sangat akrab dengan teknologi namun kurang dalam hal bersosialisasi. Pembelajaran sains di era 4.0 tidak boleh hanya menekankan pada aspek pengetahuan, tetapi juga memiliki keterampilan hidup di abad 21. Hal ini sebagaimana hakikat sains itu sendiri yang meliputi produk, proses, dan pendekatan nilai, sikap, serta keterampilan. Beberapa hal yang perlu dilakukan untuk menjadi guru sains di Era 4.0 bagi generasi Y dan Z di antaranya: (a) menerapkan pembelajaran sains berpendekatan saintifik, (b) mengupayakan pembelajaran dengan pendekatan Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL), (c) mengembangkan pembelajaran berbasis teori multiple intelligences, (d) mengkolaborasikan pembelajaran dengan teknologi informasi, dan (e) mengintegrasikan pembentukan karakter dalam proses pembelajatan. Selain itu, guru sains era 4.0 juga harus memiliki kompetensi berikut, di antaranya: (a) educational competence, (b) competence for technological commercialization, (c) competence in globalization, (d) competence in future strategies, dan (e) conselor competence, Penerapan pembelajaran dan penguasaan kompetensi tersebut diharapkan dapat memberikan dampak positif bagi perkembangan generasi Y dan Z.
This study aims to describe science learning solutions for generations Y and Z in Era 4.0. The method used is a literature study of various previous research results. The results of the study indicate that there are several things that can be pursued in order to strengthen the role and function of schools in the 4.0 era, including strengthening the scientific approach, applying multiple intelligences approaches, involving and utilizing elements of technology in learning, implementing contextual learning, as well as strengthening the character of students. In conclusion, it is necessary to strengthen the function and role of schools in realizing relevant science learning in the 4.0 era for generation Y (millennial generation) and generation Z. Keywords: Era 4.0, Multiple Intelligences, Contextual Learning, Scientific Approach, Character Education
This study aims to: (1) produce an appropriate Edu-Detective Thinking learning model, (2) produce a practical Edu-Detective Thinking learning model, and (3) produce an effective Edu-Detective Thinking learning model to improve environmental character, science processes skill, and students' cognitive processing abilities. This type of Research Development research refers to the Borg Gall development model, which includes: (1) preliminary study and information gathering, (2) planning, (3) initial product development, (4) preliminary field testing, (5) product revision main field, (6) main field testing, (7) operational product, (8) operational field testing, (9) final product revision, (10) dissemination implementation. Data on product validity and practicality were collected using questionnaires and observation sheets. Then, the data were analyzed descriptively quantitatively. Meanwhile, the effectiveness data were collected by test questions and analyzed using the MANOVA test. The results of the study are as follows: (1) the Edu-Detective Thinking learning model is feasible to improve the environmental character, science process skills, and students' cognitive processing abilities, (2) the practical Edu-Detective Thinking learning model to improve environmental character, science process skills, and students' cognitive processing abilities, and (3) the Edu-Detective Thinking learning model is effective for improving the environmental character, science process skills, and students' cognitive processing abilities. Thus, it can be concluded that the Edu-Detective Thinking model can be an alternative learning model to improve the quality of biology learning to be more challenging and fun for students.
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