Persicaria odorata (Synonym of Polygonatum odoratum and Polygonum minus) leaves, locally known as Kesum leaves, is one of Indonesia's biodiversity species, particularly on Kalimantan Island, and it is contained a high concentration of essential oils. The extraction of essential oil from Kesum leaves commonly uses various methods, including solvent extraction, steam distillation, hydro-distillation, supercritical fluid extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasonic-assisted extraction, and so on, with various extract characteristics produced. Several studies reported that Kesum leaves essential oil has numerous advantages, including anti-bacterial, hepatoprotective, anti-tyrosinase, antioxidant properties, and so on. Future research will require additional and new techniques, particularly non-thermal extraction technology and other bioactivity tests, to improve yield and maintain the essential oil composition of Kesum leaves.

Pometia pinnata merupakan tumbuhan tropis yang berasal dari famili Sapindaceae tersebar luas di daerah Indonesia yang dimanfaatkan masyarakat sebagai obat tradisional yang dikenal sebagai daun matoa. Daun matoa mengandung banyak senyawa bioaktif seperti saponin, terpenoid, flavonoid, alkaloid, tanin dan kumarin. Ekstraksi komponen biaoaktif daun matoa umumnya menggunakan metode maserasi dengan berbagai pelarut, antara lain etanol, aquadest, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, dan lain-lain, dengan berbagai jumlah komponen bioaktif yang dihasilkan. Beberapa penelitian melaporkan bahwa daun matoa memiliki banyak manfaat, antara lain sebagai penurun tekanan darah, membantu mengobati diabetes, penyakit perut (diare dan disentri), penyakit ginekologi, dan saat ini daun matoa dikembangkan sebagai suplemen atau fortifikasi pada susu. Penelitian yang akan datang diharapkan dan membutuhkan inovasi baru, terutama mengenai teknologi fortifikasi pangan yang dapat diaplikasikan dengan ekstrak daun matoa, untuk meningkatkan hasil dan ekonomi tanaman matoa.

Using lignocellulosic materials as raw materials to manufacture alternative fuels second generation (G2) is a solution for substituting fossil fuels. One source of lignocellulose is sweet sorghum bagasse. The pretreatment process is essential to increase the percentage of cellulose in the material before fermentation and hydrolysis. So, this study aims to evaluate the NaOH concentration and pretreatment time effect on the lignocellulose composition of pretreated sweet sorghum bagasse. The Factorial Completely Randomized Design (FCRD) experimental design was chosen with two independent factors, namely NaOH concentration with two levels (4% and 8%) and the pretreatment time with two levels (10 min and 30 min). The observed responses data was analyzed using a Two-Way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a 95% confidence level, and if there were any significant differences, followed by Duncan multiple range tests (DMRT). The results showed that both independent factors affected (p-value < 0.05) the lignocellulose composition of pretreated sweet sorghum bagasse, especially in lignin reduction. The best combination in pretreated sweet sorghum bagasse was found at 8% NaOH concentration and 30 min of the pretreatment time. In this condition, the cellulose increased by 13.56%, and hemicellulose and lignin decreased by 3.09% and 10.12%, respectively, to the raw material.