Nowadays, people spend most of their times indoors; accordingly, plants are increasingly used in these environments, including residential areas, due to their psychological benefits and aesthetic values. However, there is little evidence on how to maximize the inhabitants' indoor greenery (IG) preferences. The present study analysed the preferences of 363 inhabitants of two residential complexes with 38% and 6% green space in Tabriz, Iran through investigating greenery quantity and physical characteristics of the plant by the use of a simulated photo questionnaire from the interior spaces of the home. Results suggest that the preferences are not the same in various parts of the home. In general, high greenery quantity and flowering plants are the most preferred and tall foliage plants with wide leaves are the least preferred. Moreover, the effect of green spaces in residential complexes on inhabitants' IG preferences was studied. Results show that there is a significant difference between inhabitants' preferences of the two complexes, in terms of ‘plant colour', ‘leaf size' and ‘plant type'. The obtained results of the research can be utilized for interior designers and landscape architects in order to increase the application of the green space in residential complexes.

Urban parks are inseparable part of green spaces that have been recognized for developing the surrounding environment’s quality. Aesthetic comprehension in Urban Pocket Parks, as an environment which contains various stimuli, is influenced by multi-sensory perception that includes the integration of non-visual (tactile, auditory and olfactory) and visual stimuli. As the current research’s objective was to determine the impact of multi-sensory on visual preferences, Structural Equations Model results on 16 Urban Pocket Parks in Tabriz, Iran, revealed that there was a significant relation between visual preferences and Sound (Human and Natural sounds), and Smell (Human-Body and Natural smells) stimuli, however, the influence of touch stimuli on visual preferences had not identified significant. As a consequence, evaluating the public experience of Natural Sound-Smell Stimuli and the Human-body Sound-Smell Stimuli are essential in designing urban pocket parks; accordingly, city planners and landscape architects can enhance users’ visual preferences by considering these stimuli.

Proper use of colors, as an essential element of children's playground, can result in a more appropriate environment for children. Therefore, the current study evaluates the impact of Hue, Saturation, and Value (HSV) colors on preschool children's preferences at the ages of 5 and 6. 16 color palettes and 2 playground scenes were presented to children in order to identify their preferences. Results demonstrated that cool colors with a Saturation of 75 and a Value of 75 for indoor playground and warm colors with a Saturation of 75 and a Value of 50 for outdoor playground were the most preferred colors. Moreover, to investigate the impact of socioeconomic status on children's environmental color preferences, Mann‐Whitney U test was conducted and the results revealed a significant difference between the Value preference of children living in the lower class and upper class neighborhoods. However, no significant differences were observed in terms of HSV preferences between boys and girls and also between children at the ages of 5 and 6.

Objectives: Physical and visual elements that help people find their way around an environment are called visual cues (VCs). The current study aims to evaluate adults’ wayfinding abilities (navigation, orientation, spatial anxiety, and distance estimation) and VC (navigational color coding) preferences in terms of color and position; additionally, investigates their differences in adults’ life span phases (young adults, early middle-aged adults, and late middle-aged adults). Background: Wayfinding in complex environments such as healthcare centers has been challenging for most people. Although VCs are being used increasingly to facilitate wayfinding, considering people’s preferences regarding VCs, especially navigational color coding, are neglected. Methods: Obtained data from a survey of 375 healthcare center visitors with textual and photo questionnaires were analyzed by descriptive statics and one-way analysis of variance. Results: Young adults preferred VCs with “mixed colors and positioned in the middle of the floor,” early middle-aged adults preferred “warm color VCs in the middle of the wall,” and late middle-aged adults preferred “warm color VCs at the bottom of the wall.” Additionally, the results demonstrated that with aging, navigation and distance estimation abilities deteriorate, and spatial anxiety increases. Conclusions: The outcomes of the present study increase our knowledge regarding the impact of adults’ life span phases on their wayfinding abilities and VC preferences and offer suggestions for architects and healthcare center stakeholders to provide environments that improve adults’ wayfinding.