Traumatic diaphragmatic injury (DI) is a unique clinical entity that is usually occult and can easily be missed. Their delayed presentation can be due to the delayed rupture of the diaphragm or delayed detection of diaphragmatic rupture, making the accurate diagnosis of DI challenging to the trauma surgeons. An emergency laparotomy and thorough exploration followed by the repair of the defect is the gold standard for the management of these cases. We report a case of blunt DI in an elderly gentleman and present a comprehensive overview for the management of traumatic injuries of the diaphragm.

Renal hydatidosis represents only 2-3% of hydatid disease. It is endemic in parts of eastern Europe, middle East, south America, Australia, New Zealand, Alaska, and Canada. Cystic rupture into the collecting system causes hydaturia; isolated renal involvement is even rarer. Here we report a case of left renal hydatid cyst in a 40 year old man presenting as hematuria and macroscopic hydaturia since last ten years. The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy and recovered.

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The demand for improvement in healthcare delivery has been increasing. Thus, a standardized method allows quality assessment of data and its comparison between various institutions over time. Many attempts have been made to classify surgical complications before 1990; however, none of those attempts gained popularity and acceptance. Clavien and his colleagues started the wave by explaining negative outcomes on the basis of complications, failure to cure, and sequelae. Complications were primarily defined as “any deviation from the normal postoperative course”. Since then, many such classification systems and grading systems have been introduced and studied for analyzing the post-operative complications. The purpose of this study was to review the revolution in the classification systems for surgical complications, its validation, and to analyze the results of various qualitative indicators for post-operative complications obtained by using these classification systems. A global set of keywords were built such as “grading of surgical complications”, “abdominal surgery”, “classification of surgical complications”, and the “Clavien Dindo Classification”. A literature review was done using PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar. A list of reference articles concerning the literature on classification systems for surgical complications was manually analyzed from the year 1992 and the data was summarized.

Background: Breast cancer has emerged as a rapidly growing cancer in India and has already replaced cervical cancer. According to global cancer statistics for the year 2008, breast cancer resulted in 46 million deaths. In Asia, incidence rate of breast cancer is lower but is drastically rising. Nevertheless, while dyslipidemia [high LDL-C (low density Lipo-protein-cholesterol) and low HDL-C (high density lipo-protein-cholesterol) levels] has controversial role in this disease; the specific influence of dyslipidemia in breast cancer initiation and progression is not completely understood. So, we undertook this study.Methods: The study was conducted in the department of general surgery, at Medical College and allied Hospital, in Central rural India between year 2012 and 2014. It was a case control study with a sample size of 50 female participants attending the surgery in patient department, fitting in the inclusion criteria as cases and 50 matching controls. The Data was entered in master chart was statistically analyzed by using SYSTAT version 11 and tests were applied accordingly.Results: Age is a crucial factor in malignancy, most of the studies show malignancy presents more in elder population when compared to young ones. In most patients were between 31-50 years. The youngest patient was of 36 years and the oldest was 78 years. The mean age of the patients affected was 48.54 years which is close to the values in other studies. This study also demonstrated significantly high (p value<0.01) serum TC (total cholesterol) levels of post-menopausal study group (32%, more) as compared to post-menopausal control group. The increase in Serum TC levels was more in post-menopausal study group as compared with pre-menopausal study group. Present study had not shown a significant difference (p value >0.05) between serum levels of HDL-C levels in pre-and post-menopausal control group and study group, though post-menopausal cases had slightly lower values of HDL-C when compared with pre-menopausal controls.Conclusions: We conclude from this study that there is a definite positive correlation between carcinoma breast and fasting lipid profile. The pre-and post-menopausal cases showed significant correlation as far as Total Cholesterol and LDL. Whereas there was no significant correlation between HDL, VLDL and TG (triglycerides). Body mass index has no relation with carcinoma breast.