Light induced soft actuators have broad application prospects where non-contact stimulation and remote control are required. However, such soft actuators cannot achieve uniform contraction easily due to the weak penetration of light. Here, with the aid of vertical distribution of Sm 2 O 3 , Yb 2 O 3 , and Nd 2 O 3 as selectively photothermal fillers along film thickness, a near-infrared (NIR) light (1064, 980, and 808 nm) induced soft actuator based on shape-memory polymer composites, which has a large thickness up to 2 mm is reported. The results show that tri-layer films present uniform contraction and could lift a weight of 101.44 g by 8 mm under simultaneous irradiations of three NIR light beams. It is believed that the vertical distribution of selectively photothermal fillers provides a new strategy to create light induced soft actuators that can present uniform shape reconfiguration and high pulling force, further filling the gap between material concept and engineering applications.
To overcome severe issues of photothermal effect from sunlight irradiation onto bionic leaves, natural‐inspired bionic leaves with three layers, that is, high near‐infrared reflection layer, absorption composite layer, and cilia layers are created. The front layer presents a high near‐infrared light reflection and reduces photothermal effect from the sunlight. The mediate layer contributes to water transpiration and absorption, facilitating heat dissipation. The bottom layer has artificial cilia arrays that enhance air convection to reduce heat accumulation . More specifically, modified chromium trioxide (Cr2O3) is added into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and the optimal concentration is achieved based on investigations on photothermal effects. Carbon‐fiber (CF) mat with calcium chloride (CaCl2) is used as absorption composite layers. The water absorption and loss rates under different temperature and humidity are studied and fitted using different equations. Cilia arrays are created using a magnetic field induction method, and their heat convection effects are studied based on simulation. Finally, the three layers are assembled and their temperature reduction effects are studied. The results show that the average surface temperatures of tri‐layered leaves are close to natural leaves andthe difference is 0.6 °C in a week.
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