Diallyl disulfide (DADs), a natural organic compound, is extracted from garlic and scallion and has anti-tumor effects against various tumors. This study investigated the anti-tumor activity of DADs in human osteosarcoma cells and the mechanisms. MG-63 cells were exposed to DADs (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 μM) for different lengths of time (24, 48, and 72 h). The CCK8 assay results showed that DADs inhibited osteosarcoma cell viability in a dose-and time-dependent manner. FITC-Annexin V/propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry demonstrated that the apoptotic ratio increased and the cell cycle was arrested at the G2/M phase as the DADs concentration was increased. A Western blot analysis was employed to detect the levels of caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, LC3-II/LC3-I, and p62 as well as suppression of the mTOR pathway. High expression of LC3-II protein revealed that DADs induced formation of autophagosome. Furthermore, DADs-induced apoptosis was weakened after adding 3-methyladenine, demonstrating that the DADs treatment resulted in autophagy-mediated death of MG-63 cells. In addition, DADs depressed p-mTOR kinase activity, and the inhibited PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway increased DADs-induced apoptosis and autophagy. In conclusion, our results reveal that DADs induced G2/M arrest, apoptosis, and autophagic death of human osteosarcoma cells by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
An effective defect detection scheme for textile fabrics is designed in this article. Interestingly, this approach is particularly useful for patterned fabric. In the proposed method, firstly, Gabor filter is adjusted to match with the texture information of nondefective fabric image via genetic algorithm. Secondly, adjusted optimal Gabor filter is used for detecting defects on defective fabric images and defective fabric images to be detected have the same texture background with corresponding defect-free fabric images. The significance of the proposed approach lies in selecting Gabor filter parameters with an abundance of choices to build the optimal Gabor filter by means of genetic algorithm and achieving accurate defect detection on patterned fabric. High success rate and accuracy with little computational time online are obtained in the defect detection on fabrics, which indicate that the suggested method can be put to use in practice.
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