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BackgroundTo evaluate the agreement between cranial and facial classification obtained by clinical observation and anthropometric measurements among school children from the municipality of Envigado, Colombia.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was carried out among 8-15-year-old children. Initially, an indirect clinical observation was made to determine the skull pattern (dolichocephalic, mesocephalic or brachycephalic), based on visual equivalence of right eurion- left eurion and glabella-opisthocranion anthropometric points, as well as the facial type (leptoprosopic, mesoprosopic and euryprosopic), according to the left and right zygomatic, nasion and gnation points. Following, a direct measurement was conducted with an anthropometer using the same landmarks for cranial width and length, as well as for facial width and height. Subsequently, both the facial index [euryprosopic (≤80.9%), mesoprosopic (between 81% - 93%) and leptoprosopic (≥93.1%)] and the cranial index [dolichocephalic (index ≤ 75.9%), mesocephalic (between 76% - 81%), and brachycephalic (≥81.1%)] were determined. Concordance between the indices obtained was calculated by direct and indirect measurement using the Kappa statistic.ResultsA total of 313 students were enrolled; 172 (55%) were female and 141 (45%) male. The agreement between the direct and indirect facial index measurements was 0.189 (95% CI 0.117-0261), and the cranial index was 0.388 (95% CI 0.304-0.473), indicating poor concordance.ConclusionsNo agreement was observed between direct measurements conducted with an anthropometer and indirect measurements via visual evaluation. Therefore, the indirect visual classification method is not appropriate to calculate the cranial and facial indices.

RESUMENObjetivos La oclusión ideal es un estándar hipotético basado en las relaciones morfológicas de los dientes, se caracteriza por una perfección en la anatomía y posición dental, contactos mesiodistales, alineamiento en el arco e interdigitación dental. El propósito de este estudio fue determinar el perfi l epidemiológico de la oclusión dental en escolares del municipio de envigado de instituciones públicas, del área urbana y rural, durante el primer semestre de 2010. Materiales y Métodos Se realizo un estudio epidemiológico descriptivo de corte transversal en pacientes con edades entre los 5 y los 12 años de edad. Se calculo un tamaño de muestra de 436 estudiantes, distribuidos en 6 instituciones educativas del área rural y 6 del área urbana. Se realizó un examen clínico de la cavidad oral donde se evaluaron diferentes variables oclusales en los tres planos del espacio: sagital, trasversal y vertical. Resultados Se evaluaron un total 436 sujetos, con una edad promedio de 8 años (8±1,9), la maloclusión con mayor prevalencia para la dentición permanente, fue del 49,7 % (176/354) para la maloclusión clase I, 43,5 % (154/354) para la maloclusión clase II y del 6,8 % (24/354) para la maloclusión clase III. Conclusión La maloclusión clase I de Angle fue la más prevalente con alteraciones en los planos vertical y trasversal y problemas de espacio en el segmento anterior.Palabras Clave: Maloclusión de Angle clase I, Maloclusión de Angle clase II, Maloclusión de Angle clase III, prevalencia (fuente: DeCS, BIREME). ABSTRACTObjectives Ideal occlusion is a hypothetical standard based on teeth's morphological relationships and is characterised by perfection in anatomy and dental position, mesiodistal contacts, arch alignment and dental interdigitation. This investigation

BackgroundCranial base is used as reference structure to determine the skeletal type in cephalometric analysis. The purpose was to assess the cranial base length on lateral cephalic radiographs of children between 8 and 12 and compare these measurements with baseline studies in order to evaluate the relationship between the length and the cranial base angle, articular angle, gonial angle and skeletal type.MethodsA Cross-sectional study in 149 children aged 8–12 years, originally from Aburrá Valley, who had lateral cephalic radiographs and consented to participate in this study. The variables studied included: age, sex, sella–nasion, sella–nasion–articular, sella–nasion–basion, articular–gonion–menton, gonion–menton, sella–nasion–point B, sella–nasion–point A y point A-nasion–point B. These variables were digitally measured through i-dixel 2 digital software. One-way ANOVA was used to determine mean values and mean value differences. The values obtained were compared with previous studies. A p value <0.05 was considered significant.ResultsCranial base lengths are smaller in each age and sex group, with differences exceeding 10 mm for measurement, compared both with the study by Riolo (Michigan) and the study carried out in Damasco (Antioquia). No relation was found between the skeletal type and the anterior cranial base length, the sella angle and the cranial base angle. Also, no relation was found between the gonial angle and sella angle or the cranial base angle.ConclusionThe cranial base varies from one population to another. Accordingly, compared to other studies it is shorter for the assessed sample.