Although the Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) has made progress towards appraising and measuring the performance of smart and sustainable transport projects, it still has important issues that need to be addressed such as the problem associated with incomparable quantities, the inherent subjective qualitative assessment, the complexity of identifying impacts to be included and its measurement method, and the corresponding weights. The issue of trading-off different sustainability criteria is the main unresolved matter. This problem may lead to lack of accuracy in the decision making process. This paper presents a new methodology to set the weights of the sustainability criteria used in the MCDA in order to reduce subjectivity and imprecision. We suggest eliciting criteria weights based on both expert preferences and the importance that the sustainability criteria have in the geographical and social context where the project is developed. This novel methodology is applied to a real case study to quantify sustainable practices associated with the design and construction of a new roadway in Spain. The outcome demonstrates that the approach to the weighting problem has significance and general application in a multi-criteria evaluation process.
Despite the widespread implementation of urban transport subsidies in many cities, there are still only a limited evaluation of the equity of these policies and scarce quantitative assessment of their distributional incidence. This research contributes to filling this gap by developing a practical approach to evaluate the impact of fare subsidization on vertical equity. This paper implements a two-step methodology. First, two main indicators were developed to measure the social impact of the travel pass, a highly subsidized fare, to determine the effectiveness of the policy in reaching lower-income citizens. Second, by using the latest disaggregated data from a transportation survey, in Madrid, Spain, a multiple regression model revealed that travel pass usage (TPU) depended mainly on income level and accessibility to public transport. The results show that the accessibility level has a positive effect on the TPU indicator, whereas income level has a negative influence. Because income level is shown to play the most significant role in influencing public transport use, the subsidy policy associated with the travel pass in the city can be considered progressive, since it effectively targets economically disadvantaged groups. This fact suggests that subsidies for public transport in Madrid tend to favor vertical equity.
A pesar de la existencia de diferentes herramientas, en la actualidad no existe una metodología estandarizada para la evaluación ex-ante de la sostenibilidad en proyectos de infraestructura durante su ciclo de vida. Aunque las técnicas tradicionalmente aceptadas ofrecen un valioso apoyo en la evaluación de los proyectos, abordan muy someramente los tres componentes de sostenibilidad de manera holística. Esta investigación se centra en uno de los métodos más comunes de evaluación y toma de decisiones sobre proyectos de transporte: El análisis de decisión multicriterio (MCDA). A pesar de que este método puede tratar de manera explícita los diferentes componentes de sostenibilidad, aún persisten algunas dificultades fundamentales. Uno de los principales problemas es establecer con precisión los pesos de importancia relativa a los diferentes criterios definidos. Con el objeto de encontrar el balance (trade-off) entre los impactos sociales, económicos y ambientales en la evaluación ex-ante de los proyectos de transporte, esta investigación desarrolla una adaptación al procedimiento clásico de estimación de las prioridades o pesos dentro de un enfoque multicriterio. Para ello, se ha diseñado un modelo de ponderación compuesto que permite la incorporación de juicios y preferencias basadas en el consenso de expertos (utilizando los métodos REMBRANDT y Delphi), junto con la influencia del contexto geográfico y social del proyecto. Esta nueva metodología se aplica con éxito a un caso de estudio real en España. El resultado demuestra que el modelo es significativo y puede ser aplicado como una herramienta útil en un proceso de evaluación multicriterio. INTRODUCCIÓNDesde que surge el concepto de sostenibilidad ha habido un creciente interés en la exploración de estrategias para promover proyectos y políticas de transporte sostenibles. Actualmente el reto consiste en mitigar los impactos negativos en el medio ambiente, en la economía, y en la sociedad a lo largo de todo el ciclo de vida. Aunque existen múltiples enfoques para evaluar la viabilidad socioeconómica y ambiental de los proyectos de
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