No abstract

Patients with large rectus muscle hematoma, which have not yet recovered with conservative therapy, should then consider undergoing endovascular treatment. This procedure is highly recommended in patients with other coexisting pathologies that could eventually lead to a fatal outcome. It is difficult to determine when surgery is necessary when there is very poor data provided by scientific literature review, so the decision to use surgery can be suggested when embolization is unsuccessful or when it is necessary to evacuate a complex huge fluid mass in peritoneal cavity.

A serious complication of bone tuberculosis, psoas abscesses, can be effectively treated by percutaneous drainage, leading to immediate pain resolution. The drainage catheter requires daily monitoring to identify when it can be safely removed without risk of recurrence.

Interventional treatment is one of the therapeutic options for male varicocele, but the method is limited by the presence of anatomic variants or aberrant supplying vessels, which make catheterisation and sclerosis of the internal spermatic vein difficult if not impossible. Interventional radiologists must have a thorough knowledge of anatomic variants of the right internal spermatic vein to be able to perform the procedure within a reasonable amount of time and reduce radiation exposure.

In the treatment of symptomatic uterine fibromas, embolization of the uterine arteries performed via a transbrachial approach was shown to be safe and technically valid with regard to reducing the overall time of the intervention, ease of selective catheterisation, and shorter times spent in hospital, as well as being better accepted by patients.