This paper describes the design of an active fault-tolerant control scheme that is applied to the actuator of a\ud wind turbine benchmark. The methodology is based on adaptive filters obtained via the nonlinear geometric\ud approach, which allows to obtain interesting decoupling property with respect to uncertainty affecting the\ud wind turbine system. The controller accommodation scheme exploits the on-line estimate of the actuator\ud fault signal generated by the adaptive filters. The nonlinearity of the wind turbine model is described by the\ud mapping to the power conversion ratio from tip-speed ratio and blade pitch angles. This mapping represents\ud the aerodynamic uncertainty, and usually is not known in analytical form, but in general represented by\ud approximated two-dimensional maps (i.e. look-up tables). Therefore, this paper suggests a scheme to\ud estimate this power conversion ratio in an analytical form by means of a two-dimensional polynomial, which\ud is subsequently used for designing the active fault-tolerant control scheme. The wind turbine power generating\ud unit of a grid is considered as a benchmark to show the design procedure, including the aspects of\ud the nonlinear disturbance decoupling method, as well as the viability of the proposed approach. Extensive\ud simulations of the benchmark process are practical tools for assessing experimentally the features of the\ud developed actuator fault-tolerant control scheme, in the presence of modelling and measurement errors.\ud Comparisons with different fault-tolerant schemes serve to highlight the advantages and drawbacks of the\ud proposed methodology

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The KM3NeT research infrastructure is under construction in the Mediterranean Sea. It consists of two water Cherenkov neutrino detectors, ARCA and ORCA, aimed at neutrino astrophysics and oscillation research, respectively. Instrumenting a large volume of sea water with $$\sim {6200}$$ ∼ 6200 optical modules comprising a total of $$\sim {200{,}000}$$ ∼ 200 , 000 photomultiplier tubes, KM3NeT will achieve sensitivity to $$\sim {10} \ \mathrm{MeV}$$ ∼ 10 MeV neutrinos from Galactic and near-Galactic core-collapse supernovae through the observation of coincident hits in photomultipliers above the background. In this paper, the sensitivity of KM3NeT to a supernova explosion is estimated from detailed analyses of background data from the first KM3NeT detection units and simulations of the neutrino signal. The KM3NeT observational horizon (for a $$5\,\sigma $$ 5 σ discovery) covers essentially the Milky-Way and for the most optimistic model, extends to the Small Magellanic Cloud ($$\sim {60} \ \mathrm{kpc}$$ ∼ 60 kpc ). Detailed studies of the time profile of the neutrino signal allow assessment of the KM3NeT capability to determine the arrival time of the neutrino burst with a few milliseconds precision for sources up to 5–8 kpc away, and detecting the peculiar signature of the standing accretion shock instability if the core-collapse supernova explosion happens closer than 3–5 kpc, depending on the progenitor mass. KM3NeT’s capability to measure the neutrino flux spectral parameters is also presented.