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Coronary flow reserve, as measured by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography, is impaired in LAD disease; it may identify patients with > or =90% stenosis; and it normalizes early after stenting, even in patients with > or =90% stenosis.

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Patients receiving a short infusion of levosimendan before CABG showed evidence of less myocardial damage, suggestive of a preconditioning effect. Larger outcome studies are thus indicated to confirm benefit.