BACKGROUNDDiabetes mellitus can be called as a noninfectious pandemic and the incidence of diabetic retinopathy is also uncontrollable. This vision-threatening complication can be treated by early diagnosis and effective treatment like panretinal photocoagulation.The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of panretinal photocoagulation on visual acuity, colour vision, contrast sensitivity and severity of visual field changes.

BACKGROUND The aim of the study is to detect the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity among low birth weight and preterm infants and identification of potential risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity. MATERIALS AND METHODS It was a prospective cohort study enrolling all neonates who presented for retinopathy of prematurity screening with birth weight ≤1750 g and/or neonates born at less than 34 weeks gestational age and neonates with gestational age between 34 to 37 weeks gestational age or a birth weight between 1750 and 2000 g, if high-risk factors like history of prolonged oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation and haemodynamic instability is present. A total of 100 infants had retinal evaluation by indirect ophthalmoscopy and were followed up periodically. Prenatal and postnatal risk factors for ROP were assessed. RESULTS Out of the 100 infants screened, 37 had ROP. Of the 74 eyes screened, stage 1 was seen in 41 eyes, stage 2 in 19 eyes and stage 3 in 14 eyes. Zone 1 disease was seen in 10 eyes, zone 2 in 24 eyes and zone 3 in 40 eyes plus disease was seen in 10 infants. Lower birth weight (P<0.001), lower gestational age (P<0.001), oxygen therapy, (P=0.001), respiratory distress syndrome (P<0.001), multiple gestation (P<0.001) long length of ICU stay (P<0.001) were significant risk factors in this study. No significant association was detected between maternal age, diabetes, hypertension, treatment for infertility, mode of delivery, sex of infant, mechanical ventilation, 1 minute Apgar score, phototherapy, sepsis and PDA. CONCLUSION The incidence of ROP is 37%. Lower birth weight, prematurity, compromised pulmonary function, multiple gestation, long length of ICU stay were significant risk factors in this study.

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BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy is a major cause of blindness in developing countries also and can be treated by effective treatment like panretinal photocoagulation. The side effects can be ignored compared to the advantages of laser treatment. The objective of the study is to evaluate the changes in vision-related quality of life following panretinal photocoagulation in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prospective study of changes in vision related quality of life following pan retinal photocoagulation in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy conducted in Retina Clinic, RIO, Trivandrum during the time period of one year from April 2008. Inclusion Criteria-Eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, visual acuity better than or equal to 6/60, a follow up of at least 6 months after pan retinal photocoagulation. Exclusion Criteria-Eyes with cataractous changes in the lens, eyes which would be undergoing or have undergone focal photocoagulation, eyes which have undergone barrage or sectoral retinal photocoagulation, patients with colour blindness, eyes with vitreous haemorrhage and macular preretinal haemorrhage, glaucomatous patients with peripheral field loss. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 52yrs., Male patients (30) outnumbered the female patients (23), Mean duration of diabetes was 14.42 years, only 16.8% of patients had deterioration in the visual functions questionnaire score, 46.3% stabilised and & 36.8% showed improvement in their vision related quality of life. Among patients with deterioration in visual functions questionnaire score, none had difficulty in their daily routine works. The use of vision targeted health status questionnaires in conjunction with the clinical examination provide an overview of individuals' daily well-being following laser treatment. CONCLUSION Our study showed that there is significant improvement in vision related quality of life following panretinal photocoagulation. So, we recommend pan retinal photocoagulation for all patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

BACKGROUNDThe aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical profile of patients with retinal vein occlusion and relate to hypertension diabetes, hyperlipidaemia and open angle glaucoma.